[Peripheral thyrotoxicosis during suppressive treatment of thyroid cancer].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
C Payan
Publications and source records attributed to C Payan.
Comparative investigation of the effect of moclobemide and toloxatone on monoamine oxidase activity and psychometric performance in healthy subjects.
The effects of moclobemide and toloxatone, two reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors, on biochemical parameters that reflect monoamine metabolism and on psychomotor performance parameters were investigated in a study in 12 healthy volunteers. Treatments were given double-blind in a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design, with 1 week wash-out between the treatments. Drugs were given thrice daily in the following doses: moclobemide 150-150-150 mg and toloxatone 400-200-400 mg. All assessments were performed on day 8 under standardized conditions. There was no difference with regard to adverse events between moclobemide and toloxatone: both drugs induced a slight decrease in both supine and standing heart rate. Judged on the basis of the area under the curve, the two MAO-inhibitors reduced the plasma levels of DHPG and HVA, with more pronounced effects for moclobemide than for toloxatone. After moclobemide MAO-A inhibition was almost constant over 24 h, whereas the effect of toloxatone was short lasting after each dose. The same differences were reflected in plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and urinary excretion of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephine. Neither of the compounds tested had any influence on the memory, vigilance, mood, or sleeping habits of the subjects.
Adult↗
Effects of alcohol dependence on shock-induced fighting: action of muscimol and homotaurine.
We have applied the electroshock-induced fighting behavior to the study of experimental alcohol dependence. Adult Wistar rats were intoxicated chronically with ethanol (10 g/kg/24 h) for 13 days. Electroshock-induced fighting behavior was studied during chronic intoxication and withdrawal in comparison with normal rats receiving a water-carbohydrate solution isocaloric to ethanol. Rats were divided into groups receiving respectively muscimol (0.25 mg/kg), a GABAA agonist; homotaurine (140 mg/kg) a GABA mimetic; and physiological saline (10 ml/kg), intraperitoneally. During chronic intoxication, rats showed an increase in defensive-fighting behavior. Withdrawal accentuated the aggressive behavior and muscimol and homotaurine inhibited it. These results confirm the relevance of the electroshock-induced defensive fighting behavior test in chronic intoxication with alcohol, but to show the involvement of GABAergic transmission in the behavioral effects of alcohol withdrawal, additional experiments with other GABA mimetics and with GABA antagonists should be considered.
Aggression↗
Moclobemide versus clomipramine in endogenous depression. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
The effects of moclobemide (300-600 mg/day), a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor - A (MAOI-A), were compared in a double-blind, multi-centre trial with those of clomipramine (100-200 mg/day) on 129 in-patients suffering from endogenous depression (according to ICD-9 and the Newcastle Scale). No significant differences in efficacy were seen between the two treatment groups. In the moclobemide group the mean scores on the MADRS were 36.4 on day 0 and 13.2 on day 42 (end-point analysis); scores were 37.4 and 10.9 respectively in the clomipramine group. An earlier onset of antidepressant activity was noted for moclobemide. Tolerability was significantly better for moclobemide, as shown by the Clinical Global Impression of Tolerance (CGIT). Anticholinergic effects, weight gain and orthostatic hypotension were more frequent in the clomipramine group. No biological treatment-related changes were observed.
Adult↗
[The outcome of anorexia nervosa: a prospective study of 129 patients evaluated at least 4 years after their first admission].
This is a follow-up study with an interval of 4 to 20 years (mean: 11 years) of 146 cases of anorexia nervosa of which 129 could be contacted. The investigation is based on various measures: BPRS scale, HSCL, a chart of clinical assessment made by the examiner (10 items), a global self-evaluation by the patient, a clinical interview. Results and factors of prognosis are discussed. Our findings stress the importance of good outcome on a long term basis but also the potential severity of anorexia nervosa with both a death risk and a risk of chronicity. It becomes obvious that the major challenge of anorectic conduct are the residual disturbances of the personality. These disturbances are mainly difficulties in investing and the antagonism between the objectal inclination of these patients and the need to protect their narcissistic balance. A posteriori we understand the defensive meaning of the anorectic conduct and its value as a reorganizing of objectal relations. The psychopathological significance of this conduct, its stakes and its therapeutical consequences are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Circadian variations in vigilance states in the alcohol-dependent rat.
Waking and sleep states were studied in the alcohol-dependent rat after administration of ethanol (416 mg/kg/hr) by indwelling intragastric catheter (IGC) for 13 days. Electropolygraphic recordings performed for a total of 24 hr from the start of withdrawal were compared with those of control rats receiving water by IGC and showed 1) that rapid eye movement sleep was the most sensitive of the four vigilance states studied. A decrease was noted both for the total duration of recording and for the light period; 2) that nonactive wakefulness was the only vigilance state to show an inversion of percentages between the light and dark period; 3) that the light period was the best time for studying changes in vigilance states. Changes included increased percentages of active and nonactive wakefulness and decreased percentages of slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep. This was due to a change in the number of episodes rather to a change in their mean duration. No significant change occurred during the dark period.
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
Alterations in beta-adrenergic sensitivity and platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors in obese women: effect of exercise and caloric restriction.
1. Peripheral adrenergic responses were studied in eight obese women before and after 15 days of caloric restriction (2500 kJ/day) and in eight sex- and age-matched lean controls. 2. beta-Adrenergic sensitivity (defined as the dose of isoprenaline required to increase resting heart rate by 25 beats/min) was evaluated before and after the diet. Density and affinity (determined as the apparent dissociation constant) of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels, were measured after overnight bed-rest and after 9 min of standardized exercise performed before and after the low caloric diet. 3. Before the diet basal antecubital venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were lower in obese women when compared with lean women (0.94 +/- 0.06 vs 1.27 +/- 0.17 nmol/l, P less than 0.02). Isoprenaline sensitivity did not differ between lean and obese women. 4. At rest, platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor density was lower in overweight than in lean women (129 +/- 21 vs 168 +/- 16 fmol/mg of protein, P less than 0.02). Exercise significantly increased platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor density and decreased affinity in lean women. This decrease correlated with the rise in plasma noradrenaline. 5. In obese women exercise did not modify platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor density or affinity, despite a significant increase in plasma catecholamines. However, the increase in plasma noradrenaline during exercise was lower in obese women. 6. The low caloric diet produced a beta-adrenergic supersensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Comparison of the monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties of two reversible and selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors moclobemide and toloxatone, and assessment of their effect on psychometric performance in healthy subjects.
1. The effects of two reversible, predominantly monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors, moclobemide (150 mg three times daily) and toloxatone (400-200-400 mg day-1) on monoamine metabolites and psychometric performance were compared in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover study in 12 healthy subjects. 2. After 7 days of moclobemide/toloxatone/placebo administration subjects were hospitalized for 24 h on day 8. Blood samples were drawn every 2 h for determination of plasma noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). Urine was collected for measurements of normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine excretion. Psychometric performance (short- and long-term memory, critical flicker fusion frequency, choice reaction time) and subjective feelings were assessed before each drug intake (in the morning, at noon, in the evening). 3. Compared with placebo, both reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors decreased the plasma concentration of DHPG and HVA. The overall fall in DHPG (AUC from 0 to 24 h) was 44% during moclobemide and 12% during toloxatone (P less than 0.001) and the overall decrease in HVA was 38% and 20% (P less than 0.005) on moclobemide and toloxatone, respectively. 4. Before the next drug intake, MAO-A inhibition, as judged by the decrease of plasma DHPG concentration, was significantly different from placebo with moclobemide but not with toloxatone. 5. Moclobemide, but not toloxatone, exerted a moderate, but significant inhibition of the deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as judged by the fall in plasma 5-HIAA concentration. Neither drug influenced plasma NA concentration. 6. A significant rise in urinary excretion of normetanephrine was observed on moclobemide and to a lesser extent on toloxatone. The urinary excretion of 3-methoxytyramine was significantly raised by moclobemide but not by toloxatone. 7. Neither moclobemide nor toloxatone altered memory function, vigilance, subjective feelings or sleep characteristics of the subjects.
Adult↗
Determination and comparison of the pressor effect of tyramine during long-term moclobemide and tranylcypromine treatment in healthy volunteers.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can elicit increases in systolic blood pressure after tyramine ingestion (cheese effect). Moclobemide is a new, reversible, preferential monoamine oxidase A inhibitor with antidepressant properties. Its potentiation of the tyramine pressor effect during 200 mg t.i.d. chronic treatment was compared with tranylcypromine, 10 mg b.i.d., in a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study (n = 16). Tyramine was mixed with food and ingested in increasing daily doses, during a normal meal, until a systolic blood pressure increase of at least 30 mm Hg was achieved (tyramine 30). When compared with the usual fasting oral tyramine tests performed in the same subjects, the mean tyramine 30 dose with a meal was 2.8 times higher. The mean tyramine 30 dose with a meal decreased from 1450 mg (range, 800 to 2000 mg) during placebo to 306 mg (range, 150 to 500 mg) during moclobemide (factor, 5.0) and from 1200 mg (range, 1000 to 1600 mg) during placebo to 35 mg (range, 20 to 50 mg) during tranylcypromine (factor, 38.2). The duration of the systolic blood pressure increase was longer with tranylcypromine (126 minutes) than with moclobemide (69 minutes) (p less than 0.01).
Administration, Oral↗
Nocturnal sleep organization in infants "at risk" for sudden infant death syndrome.
Nocturnal sleep organization was compared in normal infants and those "at risk" for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (siblings and near-miss infants). Before 12 weeks of age, sleep modifications were observed in "at risk" infants. During their sleep they had a smaller percentage of intervening wakefulness with a higher amount of active sleep. Quiet and active sleep episodes had longer durations resulting in a longer sleep cycle. After 12 weeks, sleep organization tended to normalize. This fact is discussed as a possible factor for a SIDS event: a higher arousal threshold could play a critical role if homeostasy is disturbed during sleep, mainly at an age when the homeostatic control is not fully established.
Age Factors↗
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a reliable, optimized single-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
A single-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (SRT-PCR) method was optimized for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detection. Extraction procedures by proteinase K and guanidinium isothiocyanate gave similar results. The optimal MgCl2 concentration for the SRT-PCR method was 2 mM with 10 units of superscript M-MLV RNase H-reverse transcriptase and 1 unit of Taq polymerase. Shorter PCR cycling steps gave a 10-fold-increased PCR product compared with longer cycling steps. Twenty-five anti-HCV-positive sera from chronic hepatitis C patients were positive with SRT-PCR, whereas only 17 out of 25 were positive by dissociated RT and PCR (dRT/PCR). Specificity was assessed by twenty negative controls. SRT-PCR was 5-fold more sensitive (5 HCV RNA copies per assay) than dRT/PCR with an HCV RNA transcript. Our SRT-PCR method for HCV RNA detection appears fully adapted for routine use in a medical virology laboratory.
Base Sequence↗
Comparison of seven staining methods for senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a prospective series of 15 elderly patients.
Samples of brain from 15 prospectively tested women over 75 years of age, living in the same institution and with a Blessed test score between 0 and 28 were studied to evaluate seven different staining techniques for counting senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The methods included Bielschowsky (modified by Yamamoto & Hirano, 1986), Cross, Gallyas, Naoumenko-Feigin, silver methenamine, Bodian coupled with luxol fast blue, and thioflavine S; these techniques were performed on contiguous slides of the first temporal gyrus (Brodmann's area 22). The cost, difficulty and variability of the methods were evaluated. Modified Bielschowsky method revealed both amyloid and neurites. Cross, Bodian and Gallyas stained neurites preferentially and were more sensitive for neurofibrillary tangles than for senile plaques. Silver methenamine revealed amyloid in much the same way as thioflavine S. The highest count of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles was obtained with the modified Bielschowsky method. Best correlations between density of senile plaques and Blessed test score were obtained with modified Bielschowsky impregnation, silver methenamine, and Bodian and those for neurofibrillary tangles, with modified Bielschowsky, Naoumenko-Feigin, and Gallyas methods. Naoumenko-Feigin impregnation, even if fitted to the linear model, revealed very few changes (four times less than modified Bielschowsky) and appeared to be insensitive. All the techniques except Naoumenko-Feigin, were equally able to distinguish two groups of cases, i.e. those affected by Alzheimer's disease and those not affected. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the statistical relationship between the density of changes, evaluated after the modified Bielschowsky method, and the Blessed test score could not be improved by the additional use of other staining techniques. These data have direct implications for the evaluation of diagnostic criteria in Alzheimer's dementia. In this study, modified Bielschowsky impregnation was found to give the most complete picture of the lesions and, as such, could be considered a reference method. This technique is, however, expensive and difficult to perform. It stains a large number of normal structures and the recognition of the lesions is more subjective than with other selective stains. It is therefore difficult to recommend this technique for routine use. Other techniques alone, or in combination, can be recommended but the diagnostic criteria should be adapted for each of them.
Aged↗
Hypoglycemic symptoms and decreased beta-adrenergic sensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Thirty-seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients were tested for symptoms of hypoglycemia, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (i.e., heart rate variation during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, immediate heart rate response to standing), and isoproterenol sensitivity (defined as the dose of isoproterenol required to increase heart rate by 25 beats/min: I25). Tests of cardiac autonomic neuropathy showed no relation to hypoglycemic symptoms. On the contrary, a clear relationship could be established between isoproterenol sensitivity and adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia. Diabetic patients with decreased response to isoproterenol had fewer adrenergic symptoms, perceived hypoglycemia at a lower blood glucose level, and had more hypoglycemic accidents. Symptoms most related to isoproterenol sensitivity were tremor, sweaty palms, and hunger. With the isoproterenol-sensitivity test a distinction could be made between the groups at high (I25 greater than 3 micrograms) and low (I25 less than 3 micrograms) risk for hypoglycemic accidents. We suggest that the isoproterenol-sensitivity test could be used to identify diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia.
Adult↗
[Dynamic study of anti-HIV antibody avidity after cellular immunity restoration under antiretroviral treatment].
We have studied the evolution of the avidity of anti-HIV antibodies, in 14 infected patients with Aids, including 11 patients with severe immunodeficiency at Aids stage and under active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 3 non-treated patients with moderate immunodeficiency. These patients have been followed up to 4 years, every 4 months the first year and every 6 months the three others, with HIV1 RNA viral load, CD4 and CD8 cells dosages and anti-HIV avidity measurements (Axsym HIV-1/2), using 1 M guanidine denaturation. A rapid decrease of the viral load was observed under Haart, inducing immune restoration with CD4 and CD8 cells increases (10 and 2-fold respectively). The decrease of anti-HIV avidity (- 20%) has been observed after 5 to 8 months under Haart, with a return to baseline value (84%). The quick restoration of CD4 cells with a persistence of viral antigens at the beginning of treatment has facilitated the selection of novel naive B lymphocytes producing low-affinity antibodies, measured by the decrease of global anti-HIV avidity. The reduction or even clearance of viral antigens under Haart could secondarily induce the selection of B lymphocytes with higher antibody affinity and therefore higher anti-HIV avidity. Thus, this avidity measurement could be used to assess the functional activity of CD4 cells restoration in HIV infected patients under Haart.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Antibody avidity: use for the diagnosis of HIV early infection].
Determination of IgG avidity is useful to distinguish primary infection from reactivation or reinfection in viral, parasitic or bacterial infections. For diagnosis of HIV type 1 primary infection, the detection of IgM antibodies is often useless since they are also found in chronic infection. The usual serology (Elisa, western-blot, p24 antigen) may present no interest if done too late (more than 2 or 3 months after infection). Therefore, we have developed a test to determine the avidity of anti-HIV1 antibodies, using 1 M guanidine as denaturing agent. We have adapted the measurement of avidity to the Axsym automatic system for a routine use. Indeed, since requests for avidity determinations are sporadic, the use of microplates is not convenient. Using this assay, we found a low avidity (less than 50%) in immunocompetent and recent infected patients (less than 6 months), compared to old infected patients (more than 12 months) who had high avidity (80 to 100%). However, early treated patients (in the 6 months after contamination) had also low avidities but with a slower development of antibody maturation (8 to 27 months versus 2 to 8 months in non treated patients). To conclude, the determination of the anti-HIV1 avidity, according to the proper procedures explained here (notion of treatment and/or serious immunodepression), may help the physician to date the infection in each new infected patient who might benefit from an early treatment.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Quantitative antibody analysis: use for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus chronic infection].
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been estimated in 600,000 subjects in France, with about 80 % of chronic infection. In the latter, anti-HCV antibodies and viral RNA are found together in patients blood. Today, only the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology allows the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection, confirmed by a positive PCR. However, PCR is a laborious and cost effective method. The aim of this study was to distinguish HCV chronic infection to past-infection or false reactivity only using the serology testing. Therefore, we looked for a correlation between the results of PCR, using the HCV Cobas Amplicor 2.0 assay, and the level of anti-HCV antibodies, assessed by the AxSYM HCV v.3.0 and expressed in signal/cutoff (s/co) ratio. We found using a panel of 200 sera issued from 181 patients, a significant variation of s/co ratios between PCR positive and negative patients (respectively, 87.76 +/- 27.18 vs 10.13 +/- 13.68 s/co, p < 0.0001), only in non treated or previously treated patients, non HIV coinfected, non renal transplanted or haemodialysis patients. An anti-HCV cutoff value at 34 s/co allows a predictive PCR results with 100 % sensitivity and 93.3 % specificity. Thus, for patients having a s/co equal or over 34, a positive PCR was found in 98.1 % of cases, allowing the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection (positive predictive value). Conversely, in patients with less than 34, HCV chronic infection can be excluded in 100 % of cases (negative predictive value). In conclusion, in most cases, the use of anti-HCV quantitative analysis in the AxSYM HCV v.3.0 assay could avoid PCR testing and facilitate the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection.
Adolescent↗
[Comparative effects of ginkgo biloba extracts on psychomotor performances and memory in healthy subjects].
The effect on psychomotor and mnesic performances of acute oral dose (600 mg) of 2 Ginkgo biloba extracts were evaluated in twelve healthy female in a dummy placebo-controlled double blind study. Tests were performed comprising: objective measures of vigilance [critical flicker frequency (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT)], memory tasks (pictures and Sternberg scanning tests) and self-rating evaluation (visual analogue scales). Tests session took place before and 1 hour post-dosing. No statistically significant changes from placebo were observed on CFF, CRT or subjective rating of drug effects. No differences between treatment were evidenced on Sternberg scanning test and pictures recognition. Comparing to baseline, free recall score, while decreasing under placebo and Ginkgo, remained the same under Tanakan. As the differences between treatment are localized on one test, it appears important to examine the reproductility in healthy subjects. In order to verify the clinical relevance of these results, they need to be replicated in older healthy volunteers with age-associated memory impairment.
Adult↗
Single dose of prednisone does not induce amphetamine-like subjective effects in healthy subjects.
Among the methods developed in assessing abuse liability, the behavioural and subjective effects of drugs can be recorded using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) in drug-experienced subjects and normal volunteers. Sixteen healthy volunteers with no history of drug abuse participated in the study. The subjective, behavioural and physiological effects of prednisone (30 and 60 mg) were compared with those of dextroamphetamine (15 mg) and placebo in a randomized double-blind Latin square design. The self-questionnaires (ARCI, Profile of Mood States, Visual Analogue Scales and Sleep Questionnaire) were completed before, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h post single oral dosing. Results showed that subjective effects of the two studied doses of prednisone did not resemble those induced by dextroamphetamine (15 mg). These results indicate that oral single doses of prednisone do not possess amphetamine-like subjective effects in a healthy population. The well established psychostimulant effect of amphetamine have been replicated on almost all subjective assessments.
Adult↗