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Biomedical subjects

C Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to C Pedersen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in high-risk individuals seronegative by first generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A total of 228 stored serum samples from 140 high risk individuals was examined for serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, and HIV antigen assay. All the samples were negative in first generation enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Seventy-four of the serum samples had been obtained from 40 sexual partners of HIV antibody positive individuals. Two of the samples were reactive for p24 in immunoblot, but no other markers of HIV infection were found. From 80 sexually active male homosexuals, 117 serum samples were obtained. They were all negative by the tests employed. Further, 37 serum samples from 20 seroconverters were studied. Four patients had antigenaemia 6-12 months before seroconversion was detected by first generation ELISA. Our data do not support the notion that serological signs of HIV infection are common in high risk individuals seronegative by first generation ELISA. However, HIV infection do occur in subjects negative by first generation ELISA, which emphasises the need for more sensitive screening assays and/or the use of antigen detection as part of screening in high risk individuals. The advent of second generation ELISAs has not in a substantial way reduced this demand.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

The value of lymph node histology in human immunodeficiency virus related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

Histological changes in lymph nodes were evaluated in a prospective study of 124 homosexual men who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. The histological changes were classified according to a classification system with three stages. HIV antibodies were present in 88% of the patients. The finding of one of the three histopathological stages was highly indicative--although not absolutely pathognomonic--for HIV infection. The subsequent course of HIV infection after biopsy was significantly correlated to the histopathological changes, but it was not possible to evaluate if the biopsy added new information to that already available. Among the group of HIV infected, immediate clinical consequences of lymph node biopsy were not observed (95% confidence limits 0-3.3%). In a retrospective investigation of 123 consecutive AIDS patients, it was found that lymph node histopathology had been able to identify secondary infections and neoplasms among 10%. It is concluded that lymph node biopsy is indicated in the HIV infected patients with unexplained generalized symptoms or with atypical enlargement of the lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of lymph node histology compared to other prognostic parameters of HIV infection, remains to be determined.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

[Risk of infection among medical personnel in the age of HIV].

American and English studies indicate that the risk of infection inherent in parenteral exposure to HIV via cuts or abrasions amounts to 0.25 to 0.5 per cent. Rules of procedure for prevention of blood-borne infection have been devised by the medical authorities in most countries. Simple changes in the routines can reduce the risk considerably but the governing principles must be obeyed in order to exert their effect, and the equipment must be of such quality that it does not hinder the work.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Effect of bepridil on metabolic control and insulin secretion in diabetics.

In a double-blind cross-over study bepridil 900 mg followed by 300 mg daily for 11 days was given to 37 insulin (Type I) or non-insulin (Type II)-dependent diabetic patients. It did not modify the metabolic control of the patients as levels of glucose in blood and urine, doses of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs, energy intake, and the number of hypoglycaemic attacks during therapy were unchanged. The serum concentration of C-peptide was not modified in either type of diabetic patient, and serum insulin in the Type I but not in the Type II patients was slightly higher during active drug treatment. No adverse organotoxic or arrhythmogenic effects or changes in possible atherogenic lipid fractions in serum could be demonstrated during bepridil therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of three methods for detection of antibodies against the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus.

The native major core protein p24 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was immunoaffinity purified by a monoclonal antibody and used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inELISA) for detecting p24 antibodies in human sera. Its ability to detect p24 antibodies was compared to that of the immunoblotting test (IBT) and a commercial available competition ELISA (compELISA) employing recombinant HIV core protein. In tests on 60 serum samples the overall agreement of the inELISA and the IBT was 93.3%. Fifty-two samples were p24 antibody positive in both the inELISA and the IBT and of these 24 (46.2%) were positive in the compELISA. All compELISA positive samples were derived from healthy individuals, whereas of the 28 (53.8%) compELISA negative samples 1 was from a patient with acute HIV infection, 18 from healthy individuals and 9 from ARC/AIDS patients. The compELISA was able to distinguish among healthy persons with normal or low T-helper cell count (P = 0.048), as was the inELISA when p24 antibodies were titrated (P = 0.027). The inELISA equals IBT in specificity and sensitivity, is convenient and is very suitable for titration of p24 antibodies.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

The effect of dydrogesterone on premenstrual symptoms. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in general practice.

The effect of dydrogesterone on premenstrual symptoms was investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comprising 161 patients from unselected practice material. Dydrogesterone 10 mg twice daily from the 12th day until onset of the following menstrual period was compared with placebo throughout 3 cycles. No clinically relevant effect of dydrogesterone was found. There was an overall therapeutic effect in 52% of the patients on dydrogesterone, and in 44% of the placebo-treated patients. Therapeutic gain ranged between -7 and +23% (95% confidence limits). Type II error risk of failure to detect a therapeutic gain of 20% was 6%. A significant effect of dydrogesterone was found on decreased libido, and statistical significance was nearly achieved for the symptoms irritability and headache. The significant effect on libido can be attributed to mass significance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Skin and oral mucosal changes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

During a 6-month-period, 150 patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were repeatedly examined by dermatologists and dentists for lesions of skin and oral mucosa. The most frequently encountered diseases were: oral hairy leukoplakia (21%), dermatophytosis (including tinea unguium/tinea pedis et inguinalis) (20%), seborrheic dermatitis (19%), viral infections (10%), oral candidiasis (7%), acne vulgaris (6%), and folliculitis (5%). A variety of other manifestations were seen, with frequencies less than 5%. Herpes zoster was seen in 3% of the patients, indicating a rate of 60/1,000 per annum. The presence of seborrheic dermatitis was statistically associated with low T-helper lymphocyte count. Patients with low T-helper lymphocyte count had on average twice as many mucocutaneous lesions as patients with a normal or moderately decreased count. Any one of the manifestations seborrheic dermatitis, oral candidiasis or oral hairy leukoplakia was associated with a greater average number of additional mucocutaneous changes than seen in patients exhibiting none of these three conditions. The high proportion of HIV-infected patients with cutaneous and oral lesions underlines the importance of referring the patients to dermatologists and dentists for examination. Prospective examinations of the study population remain to elucidate the prognostic significance of mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV-infected patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of morphine and codeine in human urine of poppy seed eaters.

In this study, poppy seeds were examined for a natural constituent that might serve as a maker for the seeds' ingestion as opposed to opiate abuse. Thebaine was selected as possible marker, since it was found to be a component of all poppy seeds examined and was not a natural component of different heroin samples. During the course of this investigation, a new extraction and cleanup procedure was developed for the gas chromatographic/nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC/NPD) and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of morphine and codeine in urine. A linear response, over a concentration range of 25 to 600 ng/mL, was obtained for codeine and morphine (r = 0.9982 and 0.9947, respectively). The minimum detectable level (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for morphine were 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively; whereas LOD and LOQ for codeine were 2 and 8 ng/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variance (CV, n = 6) for morphine and codeine analyses at the 100-ng/mL level were 13.3 and 4.6%, respectively. This procedure was used for the analysis of urine samples from five poppy seed eaters who each ingested 200 g of poppy seed cake. Results indicated that significant amounts of morphine and codeine are excreted in urine and that in all subjects, at least at one point in time, the apparent morphine concentration as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis exceeded the cutoff value (300 ng/mL) established for screening. Thebaine was not detected in urine specimens collected following poppy seeds ingestion and thus could not be used as a marker.

Chromatography, Gas↗