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Biomedical subjects

C Peel

Publications and source records attributed to C Peel.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The cardiopulmonary system and movement dysfunction.

Physical therapy primarily involves the identification and treatment of problems related to movement. Movement dysfunction usually is attributed to impairments of the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. The cardiopulmonary system plays an important role in movement because of its function of transporting oxygen to skeletal muscle. Abnormalities of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems can produce limitations in physical function. The purposes of this article are to describe the steps involved in the transfer of oxygen from atmospheric air to skeletal muscles and to provide examples of problems that can occur with each step of the process. Common signs and symptoms of potential problems involving the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems also will be discussed.

Cardiovascular System↗
PubMed1995

Effects of cardiovascular medications on exercise responses.

Many patients who are referred for physical therapy take medications that affect either their physiological responses to exercise or their ability to exercise. The purpose of this article is to discuss how medications potentially can affect cardiovascular responses to exercise. The effects of selected medications on heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiographic responses during exercise; on exercise performance; and on training adaptations are discussed. The types of medications included in this review are beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, vasodilators, diuretics, digitalis, and antiarrhythmic agents. The mechanisms of action and the clinical indications are described for each category of drugs. Ways in which each of the categories of drugs interacts with exercise responses, exercise performance, and training adaptations are described. Knowledge of a person's medications can provide valuable information on current physical condition and medical history and can alert therapists as to how exercise responses may be altered. Potential complications that are likely to occur during exercise can be identified, facilitating the design of safe and effective treatment programs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Pressure ulcer prophylaxis in elderly patients using polyurethane foam or Jay wheelchair cushions.

A significantly lower proportion of the patients in the Jay group (25%) experienced pressure ulcer formation during the three months of observation as compared to the foam group (41%). No statistically significant differences were found between groups on the location, severity, or healing duration of the pressure ulcers. Most lesions (65%) were limited to persistent erythema of intact skin, and healed in three to four weeks. Significantly higher proportions of patients in the Jay groups (7%) rejected their cushion because of discomfort as compared to foam (1%). The incidence of pressure ulcers was significantly higher among those patients who experienced peak interface pressures recorded at 60 mmHg or higher, had low Norton scores (< or = 11), or were malnourished.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Oxygen consumption using the K2 telemetry system and a metabolic cart.

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), and respiratory rate (RR) between a relatively new portable, telemetry system (K2) and a system that has been shown to be valid and reliable. Duplicate measurements were made at rest and during four levels of exercise in 10 subjects. Heart rate values were comparable for exercise at the same work level during gas collection using the two systems, indicating that the metabolic stresses were similar. Oxygen consumption measurements were significantly lower using the K2 system compared with a metabolic measurement cart (MMC). There was no significant difference in VE, but RR was lower for measurements made with the MMC. Compared with the MMC, the K2 system uses a slightly different formula to calculate VO2 because the content of carbon dioxide in expired air is not measured. To determine differences resulting from the method of calculating VO2, MMC measurements were applied to the formula used by the K2 system, and K2 values were adjusted using the RER values obtained from the MMC. There were no differences between these calculated values and the values obtained directly from either the MMC or the K2 system. Consequently, we concluded that the lower VO2 values obtained with the K2 system were attributed to the method of collecting and analyzing expired air, rather than to the method of calculating VO2.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cardiovascular responses to voluntary and nonvoluntary static exercise in humans.

We have measured the cardiovascular responses during voluntary and nonvoluntary (electrically induced) one-leg static exercise in humans. Eight normal subjects were studied at rest and during 5 min of static leg extension at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction performed voluntarily and nonvoluntarily in random order. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac output (CO) were determined, and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and stroke volume (SV) were calculated. HR increased from approximately 65 +/- 3 beats/min at rest to 80 +/- 4 and 78 +/- 6 beats/min (P < 0.05), and MAP increased from 83 +/- 6 to 103 +/- 6 and 105 +/- 6 mmHg (P < 0.05) during voluntary and nonvoluntary contractions, respectively. CO increased from 5.1 +/- 0.7 to 6.0 +/- 0.8 and 6.2 +/- 0.8 l/min (P < 0.05) during voluntary and nonvoluntary contractions, respectively. PVR and SV did not change significantly during voluntary or nonvoluntary contractions. Thus the cardiovascular responses were not different between voluntary and electrically induced contractions. These results suggest that the increases in CO, HR, SV, MAP, and PVR during 5 min of static contractions can be elicited without any contribution from a central neural mechanism (central command). However, central command could still have an important role during voluntary static exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cardiovascular responses to isokinetic trunk exercise.

Isokinetic trunk ergometers are relatively new devices. Because the stresses on the cardiovascular system when using these types of devices were unknown, the purpose of this study was to document the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses during a typical exercise session. Twelve subjects participated in three sessions of trunk flexion and extension exercises conducted on separate days. Exercises at one speed (ie, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, or 120 degrees/sec) were performed at each session. During each session, five 30-second exercise periods were separated by 60-second rest intervals. There were no differences in the HR and BP responses between exercise sessions at the three speeds. There was a progressive increase in HR to a value approximating 77% of predicted maximal HR by the end of the exercise sessions. Systolic blood pressure did not change from rest to exercise; diastolic blood pressure decreased initially and remained stable at the lower value throughout the exercise sessions. Several subjects reported light-headedness and dizziness during rest intervals. Because of the symptoms reported, we recommend that therapists monitor BP and observe patients for signs and symptoms of exercise intolerance when performing this type of exercise.

Exercise↗