Post-asylum geographies: an introduction.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Philo.
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This paper reviews research in mental health geography that has examined landscapes of deinstitutionalisation, community care and everyday social life. It complements Philo's (1997, Across the water: reviewing geographical studies of asylums and other mental health facilities. Health and Place 3, 73-89) review of geographical studies concerned with asylums and other mental health facilities. Offering an interpretation of developments in this research sub-field, it charts a 'first wave' and a 'second wave' of inquiries, identifying shifts of substantive emphasis, theoretical approach and methodological practice. The gains and drawbacks of both 'waves' are discussed, with particular attention to absences both in what is researched and in the extent of political and policy engagement. The possible contours of a 'third wave' mental health geography, building on the strengths of earlier research but addressing new questions in new ways, are outlined in conclusion.
It is possible now to identify a small field of geographical studies exploring how space, place, environment and landscape are bound up in the worlds of people experiencing mental health problems. Some of these studies take seriously the institutions which have been provided to shelter, control, care for and even cure such people, and this interest has often touched upon the rise of the 'asylums' in Europe and North America (chiefly as an eighteenth- and nineteenth-century phenomenon). This paper surveys the geographical literature tackling asylums and other mental health facilities, and then offers an interpretation of the theoretical claims and substantive research undertaken in this respect by Michael Dear and various co-workers. Running through the paper is an argument about the need for studies of 'asylum geographies' to be attentive to what Gunnar Olsson terms 'ontological transformations' between thoughts and things.
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OBJECTIVE: To consider research conducted in the sub-field of mental health geography, concentrating on work published in English. METHODS: The paper offers an comprehensive, in-depth and critical reading of the relevant literature on mental health geography since the inception of this subfield of inquiry in the early-1970s. RESULTS: The paper identifies three 'waves' of research within work on mental health geography. It describes these 'waves' in detail, interprets certain strengths and weaknesses of the first two 'waves', which are well-established, and provides suggestions about important questions to be addressed in a future third 'wave'. CONCLUSION: Much excellent research has so far been undertaken within mental health geography, but there is scope to increase the relevance of this research through widening the focus of research and by being prepared to connect research more directly to mental health policy and politics.