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Biomedical subjects

C Philpott

Publications and source records attributed to C Philpott.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: is it a problem for nasal surgery?

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming ever more prevalent in the UK, and the proportion of MRSA to methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) seems to be increasing. New strains of MRSA are ever developing resistance to antibiotic treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality of infection. Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal flora of the nose, and MRSA colonizes the nose in infection. However, nasal surgery is rarely complicated by staphylococcal infections, and MRSA infection following nasal surgery is rare. The authors present a literature review of MRSA infection, its relation to the nasal cavity, and infection following nasal surgery.

Carrier State↗
PubMed2004

The effect of temperature, humidity and peak inspiratory nasal flow on olfactory thresholds.

Temperature, humidity and nasal peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) are potential variables in the quantitative measurement of olfactory thresholds in the clinic. To date, these variables have not been properly evaluated with respect to olfactory perception, and therefore the aim of this study was to determine their effect on the thresholds. These variables were measured on 10 occasions in 10 subjects over a 10-week period. The results obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis using a linear mixed-effect model. This demonstrated that olfactory thresholds are sufficiently independent of room temperature, peak humidity and nasal PIFR in a routine outpatient clinic environment in normal subjects, with no evidence of any statistically significant influence by these variables.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Identification of a Candida albicans ferrichrome transporter and its characterization by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can accumulate iron through the uptake of siderophore-iron. Siderophore-iron uptake can occur through the reduction of the complex and the subsequent uptake of iron by the high affinity iron transporter Fet3p/Ftr1p. Alternatively, specific siderophore transporters can take up the siderophore-iron complex. The pathogenic fungus Candida albicans can also take up siderophore-iron. Here we identify a C. albicans siderophore transporter, CaArn1p, and characterize its activity. CaARN1 is transcriptionally regulated in response to iron. Through expression studies in S. cerevisiae strains lacking endogenous siderophore transporters, we demonstrate that CaArn1p specifically mediates the uptake of ferrichrome-iron. Iron-ferrichrome and gallium-ferrichrome, but not desferri-ferrichrome, could competitively inhibit the uptake of iron from ferrichrome. Uptake of siderophore-iron resulting from expression of CaARN1 under the control of the MET25-promoter in S. cerevisiae was independent of the iron status of the cells and of Aft1p, the iron-sensing transcription factor. These studies demonstrate that the expression of CaArn1p is both necessary and sufficient for the nonreductive uptake of ferrichrome-iron and suggests that the transporter may be the only required component of the siderophore uptake system that is regulated by iron and Aft1p.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Central venous catheter-related septicaemia in paediatric cancer patients.

A prospective study of septicaemia, with special reference to central venous catheter (CVC)-related septicaemia, was performed over a nine-month period in paediatric cancer patients undergoing anti-neoplastic therapy. A total of 142 patients with 153 CVCs were included in the study. Seventy-two episodes of septicaemia were detected in 66 patients; overall, 46% of patients developed one or more episodes of septicaemia. Thirty-nine (54%) of these episodes occurring in 34 patients were CVC-related. Twenty-one (29%) of the episodes occurring in twenty patients were probably unrelated to CVCs and 12 (17%) episodes in 12 patients were of uncertain source. A total of 22932 CVC days were studied. The rate of CVC-related septicaemia was 1.7 episodes/1000 catheter days. Gram-positive organisms were commonest, causing 34 (87%) episodes of CVC-related septicaemia. Twenty-five (71%) of 35 evaluable episodes were successfully treated with antibiotics without CVC removal. Two patients died, CVC related sepsis probably contributing to death, and one patient suffered prolonged morbidity associated with CVC sepsis. Gram-negative organisms were the commonest cause of CVC-unrelated septicaemia, being implicated in 13 (62%) episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A regulated RNA binding protein also possesses aconitase activity.

A clone for the iron-responsive element (IRE)-binding protein (IRE-BP) has been transfected and expressed in mouse fibroblasts. The IRE-BP gene product binds IREs with high affinity and specificity. Amino acid alignments reveal that the IRE-BP is 30% identical to mitochondrial aconitase. The 18 active site residues of mitochondrial aconitase are identical to those in the IRE-BP, suggesting that the IRE-BP may possess aconitase activity. After purification of native IRE-BP and immunoaffinity purification of transfected and expressed IRE-BP, we demonstrate that the purified IRE-BP has aconitase activity.

Aconitate Hydratase↗