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Biomedical subjects

C Polito

Publications and source records attributed to C Polito.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[One-year treatment of 43 chronic hemodialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin].

Twenty men and 23 women aged from 18 to 65 years, who had been under maintenance haemodialysis for 2 to 16 years and whose haematocrit had been below 30 percent for at least 3 months received recombinant human erythropoietin intravenously at the end of each session for one year. Anaemia was corrected in all patients, the delay in response to each dosage variation being about 4 weeks. The necessary maintenance dosage ranged from 96 to 240 u/kg/week. The number of leucocytes increased significantly until the 4th month, from 5880 +/- 1760 to 6600 +/- 1920 per cubic mm (P less than 0.01). During treatment, pre-dialysis blood creatinine concentrations and potassium and phosphate levels rose, while blood calcium levels fell significantly from 2.45 +/- 0.16 to 2.36 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (P less than 0.01). A nonsignificant increase in systolic and diastolic pressures was also observed, from 129 +/- 16 to 134 +/- 18 mmHg (P = 0.06) and from 75 +/- 9 to 78 +/- 10 mmHg (P = 0.07) respectively. Eight patients (18 percent) required antihypertensive drugs or a higher dose of those previously prescribed. There were 7 cases of vascular thrombosis on pre-existing stenosis, and the dosage of heparin during dialysis had to be increased in most patients. This study confirms that erythropoietin plays a major role in the genesis of the anaemia associated with renal failure. The absence of severe complications in this series was probably due to the criteria of inclusion in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster male and female embryos generated by segregation distortion of the sex chromosomes.

We report the first practical application of a genetic scheme devised for the purpose of obtaining large quantities of embryos of a specific sex. The scheme, which is based on the meiotic drive system Segregation Distorter, results in the production of populations of zygotes that are almost exclusively of one sex. We have used this scheme to determine that the steady-state levels of transcripts of X-linked genes are the same in early male and female embryos, establishing that these genes are dosage compensated.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hemodiafiltration using dialysate as substitution fluid.

To reduce the cost of hemodiafiltration (HDF), a standard hemodialysis machine was modified to permit in-line production of substitution fluid from bicarbonate dialysate. The authors' present data showing that this procedure was made bacteriologically safe; was simple to use, and offered a cheap approach to perform high-flux HDF using a hemodifilter of relatively small membrane surface area.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1987

Statural growth of children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment.

Statural growth was studied in 20 prepubertal children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment followed-up 1.1 to 8.9 years (average 3.9). Five children reached end-stage renal failure during the follow-up period and underwent dialysis or transplantation. Most patients grew at a normal rate. During the observation period only 1 out of 20 children lost more than 0.5 height standard deviation score whereas 9 gained 0.5 to 3.1. A growth velocity above the 97th percentile for at least 1 year was observed in 6 patients. A normal growth rate and even catch-up growth is possible in children with chronic renal failure regardless of the degree of reduction of glomerular function.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Normal growth of nephrotic children during long-term alternate-day prednisone therapy.

Statural growth has been evaluated in 20 prepubertal nephrotic children who received alternate-day prednisone therapy for a year at least. Bone age was assessed in 16 of these children after 1-4 years of therapy. During the follow-up 12 children showed variations in height standard deviation score (SDs) below 0.5, 7 gained more than 0.5 SDs and 1 lost 0.5 SDs. Bone age fell within the normal range for chronological age in all the children studied. On the while alternate-day prednisone therapy does not affect statural growth and bone maturation of children with lipoid nephrosis.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1986

[Quantitative evaluation of low-flow rate hemodialysis with sequential use of 2 membranes of differing permeability].

Although the "low flow" dialysis has not gained large clinical experience, recent long term clinical investigation indicate that it can be an interesting alternative in the treatment of uremia. This method permits a reduction in treatment cost without impairing the quality of therapy. The interest of this 12 months cross-over and comparative study with 2 types of dialyzers (H12-10/DISCAP 110) and 2 dialysate flow regiments is twofold: it confirms the lack of morbidity linked to the low flow stage; it gives quantitative data on "dose therapy" changes during the two consecutive stages. The 50% reduction of conventional dialysate flow has a lowering effect of 11 to 18% on urea and creatinine clearances depending on which type of dialyzer used. The use of H12-10 was associated in this case with a more pronounced clearance reduction. The reduction of performances was accompanied by a significant rise in urea and creatinine plasma level without changes in protein catabolic rate while it masks a decrease in creatinine generation rate.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1985

Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and glomerulopathies in children.

Serum HBsAg positivity prevalence was studied on 98 children affected by various nephropathies or obstructive uropathies and on a control group of 71 children, consecutively admitted into the same clinical ward, suffering from other than hepatic or renal diseases. No significant difference was found between the group of children with non-glomerular nephropathies or obstructive uropathies and the control group. The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was significantly higher in male children with membranous glomerulopathy and in those with lipoid nephrosis than in the control group. All HBsAg positive children with glomerulopathies were chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus. However, though left undemonstrated, there still lies a probable pathogenetic relationship between the hepatitis B virus infection and membranous glomerulopathy. The authors hypothesize that an impaired immune response in male children with lipoid nephrosis may account for both the hepatitis B virus infection and the development of the glomerular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Membranous glomerulopathy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children.

Histological examination of renal biopsies in 64 Neapolitan children aged 13 months to 14 years who presented with nephrotic syndrome or persistent hematuria and/or proteinuria revealed membranous glomerulopathy (M.G.) in 14. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 9/14 children with M.G. and in 1/14 children in an age and sex matched control group. The prevalence of HBsAg positivity in the M.G. children suggests a relationship between HBV infection and the disease. The high prevalence of males in HBsAg positive M.G. children suggests that males have an increased risk of contracting M.G. The absence of chronic liver disease in 8/9 HBsAg positive M.G. patients, and the lack of correlation between the clinical manifestations of kidney disease and the rate of HBV replication indicate that different mechanisms underlie the hepatic and renal pathologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of acetate on ketogenesis during hemodialysis.

The concentration of plasma acetate, glucose, and ketone bodies were determined for both venous and arterial blood before and at the end of dialysis with an acetate-containing dialysate. We also determined lactate and pyruvate levels in arterial plasma. The results obtained in the same patients were compared when dialysis were done with or without glucose and discussed in terms of hormonal changes (insulin, glucagon). Arterial plasma acetate (p less than 0.001) and ketone body levels (p less than 0.05) increased significantly during dialysis both with glucose and without glucose (p less than 0.001 in both cases). Higher end-dialysis arterial levels were found for the latter set of glucose-free dialysis (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively, for acetate and ketone bodies), and a correlation was established between end-dialysis arterial concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies. This suggests high consumption of both endogenous and exogenous acetate to feed ketogenesis. This is concurrent with decreased insulin and high glucagon levels. Under these conditions, plasma accumulation of ketone bodies would facilitate an indirect elimination of acetate by the dialyzer (about 10% of the acetate load). Our results suggest that hormone variations during glucose-free dialysis which promote fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis from acetyl groups hinder acetate-dependent lipogenesis.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of two strategies for short dialysis using 1m2 and 2m2 surface area dialysers.

Two matched groups of patients were dialysed either thrice weekly on a double re-used Gambro (2m2) for four and a half hours per dialysis (Group A) or thrice weekly five hours per dialysis on a single non re-used Gambro (1m2) (Group B). There was no significant differences in measured parameters of nitrogen retention between the groups, nor did the mean motor nerve conduction velocity alter significantly in any patient. Both groups preferred short dialysis. No manifestations of inadequate dialysis appeared up to 18 months even in bilateral nephrectomised patients of whom there were 2 in each group. Group B experienced significantly fewer hypovolaemic symptoms during dialysis and the single system in thus preferred. The mean dialysis index in Group A was 1.0 and 0.9 in Group B. These results suggest that a dialysis index of 1.0 overestimates dialysis needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The hypertension of long-term hemodialysis patients: studies with an angiotensin II antagonist (P113).

1. A P113 Saralasin infusion test was performed in 10 patients on long-term regular hemodialysis. Six patients were considered to have hypertension resistant to dialysis treatment and 4 had their arterial pressure controlled by dialysis. 2. Five out of 6 resistant and 3 out of 4 responsive patients had a positive response to Saralasin associated with a normalization of diastolic arterial pressure. 3. The value of the Saralasin infusion test to pre-select the patients for bilateral nephrectomy is discussed and it is felt that a negative test may be of more value in encouraging more aggressive ultrafiltration in hypertension apparently resistant to dialysis therapy.

Adult↗