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Biomedical subjects

C Popow

Publications and source records attributed to C Popow.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Sonographic detection of internal jugular vein thrombosis after central venous catheterization in the newborn period.

We sonographically investigated the internal jugular veins of 40 children who had undergone catheterization of the vein (group A: silastic catheter, n = 24; group B: polyurethane catheter, n = 16) in the neonatal period. The average age at catheter implantation was 43 +/- 73 days, the average birthweight 2414 +/- 1145 g, and the average gestational age 34.8 +/- 5.0 weeks. We performed follow-up longitudinal and transverse high resolution sonographic scans including routine examination of the contralateral jugular vein at a mean age of 3.7 +/- 1.5 years. In group A thrombotic alterations were detected in 8 aut of 24 patients. In three of these patients we found mild clinical symptoms. In group B thrombotic alterations were detected in 1 aut of 16 patients without clinical symptoms. Mean birthweight (1815 versus 3313 g) and mean gestational age (32.3 versus 38 weeks) were significantly lower and indwelling time of the catheters (18 versus 11 days) was significantly longer in group A. Our results indicate that jugular vein thrombosis is a frequent long-term complication in neonates after jugular vein catheterization. High resolution ultrasonography is an adequate method for detecting jugular vein thrombosis and should therefore routinely be performed for long-term follow-up.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed1994

Low-dose dietary L-arginine increases plasma interleukin 1 alpha but not interleukin 1 beta in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Oral high-dose arginine supplementation is used for the experimental immunotherapy of tissue trauma and sepsis. Yet the adequate dosage required for immunomodulation has to be established and the toxicity of high-dose arginine has not been fully elucidated. Following a protocol for the treatment of diabetic long-term complications (oral daily doses of 30 mg/kg BW; blind, placebo-controlled prospective study with crossing-over design) we studied plasma levels of interleukins 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and 1 beta reflecting immunostimulation. Arginine supplementation in 29 patients with diabetes mellitus prompted a 2-fold increase of IL-1 alpha from baseline levels (P < 0.001) while IL-1 beta was unaffected. Implications for the treated panel of diabetic patients could be a reduction of collagen accumulation by enhanced collagenolysis and clearance of advanced-stage non-enzymatic glycosylation products. Based upon our data, low-dose arginine protocols for further immunotherapeutical studies should be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Recurrent renal vein thrombosis in a premature infant. Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and follow-up].

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a rare disorder in neonates. Early diagnosis is mandatory since immediate thrombolytic therapy favours prognosis. Our case report describes RVT demonstrated by Duplex Doppler Ultrasound. A possibly characteristic sequence of changes in the echogenicity of the renal parenchyma and in the Duplex Doppler flow pattern of the renal arteries could be found.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Computer determined compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) in ventilated newborn infants.

We describe a simple, low cost technique for computerized measurements of compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) by airway occlusion technique in intubated newborn infants. Tidal volumes of 5, 7.5, and 10 mL/kg were injected from a calibrated syringe into the endotracheal tube via a three-way stop cock and a t-piece. Airway pressure was measured by means of a differential pressure transducer. The analog pressure signal was fed into an optically isolated signal conditioning termination panel and an analog input board which was connected to the PC bus. The signal was amplified and A/D converted by the input board and processed by the digital computer. Crs was determined as the ratio of the injected tidal volume to the difference between the endexpiratory pressure and the pressure at airway occlusion. The software is written in Turbo Pascal (Borland Int.) and includes a patient data base and facilities for system configuration, calibration of transducers, data acquisition, handling, calculation of Crs, reporting and archive storage. Data sampling frequency may be individually set at 60 to 200 Hz. Synchronous measurements in 10 newborn infants using analog pressure amplification and polygraphic recording showed that pressures were correctly determined by the computer and that amplitude and frequency response of the pressure recordings were adequate.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1991

Urinary 3-hydroxyproline excretion in Alport's syndrome: a non-invasive screening test?

Alport's syndrome is characterised by morphological and structural changes of the renal basement membranes. As the hydroxyproline content of isolated glomerular basement membranes is reduced in patients with Alport's syndrome, it is possible that the renal excretion of 3-hydroxproline (3-OHP), a key substrate of basement membrane collagen, may be altered in such patients. The urinary excretion of 3-OHP was determined by thin layer chromatography in 20 patients with Alport's syndrome, in healthy control subjects, and in patients with other renal diseases. These included patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, lower urinary tract infection, severe reflux nephropathy, lithium induced nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, familiar benign haematuria, and renal graft rejection. Urinary excretion of 3-OHP was significantly higher in patients with Alport's syndrome compared with the patients with other renal diseases and the healthy control subjects. All other renal diseases investigated had 3-OHP values within the normal range. Urinary 3-OHP determination detected patients with Alport's syndrome with a high sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (97.2%). We therefore suggest using urinary 3-OHP determinations as a simple non-invasive screening test for Alport's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Surveillance of viral respiratory tract infections over a one year period in mainly hospitalized Austrian infants and children by a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay diagnosis.

In order to obtain more information on viral respiratory tract infections in Austrian infants and children, nasopharyngeal secretions from 1432 infants and children, collected from October 1984 to October 1985, were screened for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3, and influenza viruses type A and B, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results obtained were analyzed with respect to incidence, seasonal distribution and clinical syndromes associated with the different viral pathogens investigated and also with the practicability of ELISA diagnostics over long distances. A viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infection was confirmed in 372 (26%) infants. RSV was detected in 286 (20%) of the nasal secretions and was thus the most frequently encountered agent. RSV infections occurred mainly in the winter months and were often associated with bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Only sporadic infections were found with one of the other viruses investigated.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of two airway occlusion methods for determining the compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) in newborn infants.

We investigated 11 spontaneously newborn infants (birth weight 1400 to 3120 g) on their first day of life. Measuring inspired gas volume (VI) and the mouth pressure obtained at inspiratory airway occlusion (Pocc) we calculated the compliance of the respiratory system (Crs): a) by linear regression analysis of the VI/Pocc measurements obtained at various VI (Olinsky, et al., 1976) and b) as the mean of 3 endinspiratory VI/Pocc measurements (modified airway occlusion method (Simbruner et al., 1982). There was a close linear correlation between the Crs values obtained by both methods (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001; Crs(a) = 0.669 x Crs(b) + 0.428), indicating that the simpler modified airway occlusion method (b) may be used instead of the original method (a) for determining Crs on the first day of life in spontaneously breathing newborn infants.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Influence of tidal volume on the compliance of the respiratory system in mechanically ventilated newborn infants.

We measured the compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) at 4 different tidal volumes (VT = 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 ml/kg) in 29 mechanically ventilated newborn infants and determined the VT associated with the highest Crs ("optimal" VT) and with the lowest Crs ("worst" VT). Crs depended on the VT in all newborn infants investigated. The "optimal" VT most frequently observed was 2.5 and 5.0 ml/kg and the "worst" VT most frequently observed was 2.5 and 10.0 ml/kg. Mean Crs at the "optimal" VT was 62.3% higher than at the "worst" VT. The "optimal" VT was lower (2.5 ml/kg) in newborn infants with controlled ventilation than in newborn infants with intermittent mandatory ventilation (5.0 ml/kg). We conclude that it may be useful to determine the VT associated with the highest Crs in order to avoid unnecessarily high inflation pressures for the mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. Further studies are needed to assess long-term effects of such a Crs guided respirator therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Application of an infection control protocol at an anesthesiology intensive care unit].

We studied the efficiency and practicability of a new protocol for surveillance of nosocomial infection in 99 patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between October 1985 and March 1986. The protocol contained the therapy given before admission to the ICU and daily records of: (1) therapy suspected to increase the risk of nosocomial infection (ventilatory support, operations, hemofiltration, central venous and arterial catheters, Swan-Ganz catheters, etc.); (2) parameters possibly associated with bacterial infections (white blood cell count, body temperature, platelet count, creatinine clearance, hemodynamic values, clinical suspicion of infection, suspected site of infection, pathological chest X-ray, etc); and (3) bacteriologic data (results of cultures from blood, tracheal aspirate, urine, wound secretions) and antibiotic treatment. Sepsis was diagnosed in 28 patients, and 28 had positive blood cultures; these two groups were not identical. Twenty-nine patients died, more than half of them having a serious nosocomial infection. Factors associated with nosocomial infection were: fever greater than 38.5 degrees C, recurrent fever, leucocytosis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia; duration of stay at the ICU; ventilatory support, operations, mass transfusions, and therapy with catecholamines. Use of a Swan-Ganz catheter and hemofiltration were associated with nosocomial infection, but they were usually begun after the clinical onset of sepsis. Therapy administered before admission to the ICU was not associated with nosocomial infection. Bacterial colonization of tracheal aspirate was detected in 2/3 of the ventilated patients. The most common bacteria isolated were staphylococci in blood cultures. Pseudomonas sp. and Candida albicans in tracheal secretions, and Candida albicans in urine cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1988

Comparison between dynamic lung compliance and static compliance of the respiratory system in sick newborn infants.

We compared dynamic lung compliance (Cldyn) determined by the oesophageal balloon technique with static compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) determined by an airway occlusion technique in 10 newborn infants with various cardio-respiratory diseases. The correlation between the two variables was linear and statistically significant (r = 0.911, p less than 0.0003; Cldyn = 1.51.Crs-0.48). Crs varied significantly less than Cldyn (mean coefficient of variation 3.9 for Crs vs. 9.3 for Cldyn; t = 6.06, p less than 0.0002). Since Crs is closely related to lung compliance but a more reliable parameter and technically easier to assess, we recommend the assessment of Crs instead of Cldyn in clinical practice.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Reliability of estimation of maximum performance capacity on the basis of submaximum ergometric stress tests in children 10-14 years old.

Thirty-three 10-year-old boys repeatedly performed six symptom-limited, spiroergometric exercise tests according to the vita maxima method over an observation period of 4 years. Submaximum and maximum performance parameters were assessed and their correlation was calculated. The correlation of the heart rate at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg body weight with the values of maximum performance capacity (wattmax and VO2max) and with the body-weight-related, relative maximum values was statistically significant. The correlation factors for the relative values were about twice as high (r = 0.55) as the absolute values (r = 0.27). The heart rate at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg therefore was more characteristic of the relative values, which represent the state of training, and less for the absolute performance capacity, which depends to a great extent on body weight. However, the statistically significant correlation factors were too low to estimate reliably the state of training in an individual case. The correlation of physical working capacity at an HR of 170/min (PWC 170) with the maximum ergometric Watt performance was r = 0.80 and therefore appears to be sufficient to estimate the maximum performance capacity in children. This is however only valid for children over the age of 11.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

Familial pseudohypoaldosteronism.

The clinical course of two siblings with a severe form of pseudohypoaldosteronism was followed over a period of seven and five years respectively. Both children persistently had a high sodium-potassium excretion ratio in the urine, sweat, saliva, and stools as well as high serum concentrations of aldosterone and renin and an increased urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone. Despite sustained treatment with sodium chloride (10-40 mmol/kg/d) and cation exchange resin (sodium polystyrole sulfonate 0.5-2 g/kg/d) they repeatedly developed episodes of salt wasting and hyperkalemia which occurred mainly during uncomplicated respiratory tract infections. Aldosterone receptor characteristics were studied in the cytosol of the rectal mucosa at ages 2.5 years and 6 months respectively. Compared to age matched controls there was a decreased affinity for aldosterone at the low affinity binding site. Among the members of the family, the father and one of his sisters had high concentrations of sodium in the sweat and an increased urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Respiratory compliance of healthy newborn infants measured by endinspiratory airway occlusion technique in the first hours of life.

The compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) has been measured by an airway occlusion technique in 78 healthy newborn infants [gestational age (GA) 36.2 +/- 2.9 weeks, range 28-41 weeks; birth weight (BW) 2.418 +/- 0.879 kg, range 0.830-4.350 kg; body height (BH) 45.2 +/- 4.4 cm, range 33-52 cm in the first 8 h after birth (206.2 +/- 100.8 min, range 45-480 min). The prediction equations were (Crs, ml/cm H2O): Crs = 0.087.GA -1.173 (r = 0.49, p less than 0.0001), Crs = 0.372.BW +1.067 (r = 0.62, p less than 0.0001), Crs = 0.076.BH -1.493 (r = 0.61, p less than 0.0001). The Crs values were very similar to the values measured in curarized newborn infants and quoted in the literature. There was only one newborn infant with a Crs of less than 1 ml/cm H2O (GA = 34 weeks, BW = 0.830 kg, BH = 33 cm, Crs = 0.909 ml/cm H2O).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Structural and functional changes in lung tissue of mice fed with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate, L-3-cis-hydroxyproline, and L-4-cis-hydroxyproline.

Structural and functional changes in lung tissue of mice fed with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate, L-3-cis-hydroxyproline, and L-4-cis-hydroxyproline. We fed 0.1% solutions of 3-cis-hydroxyproline (3cisHP), 4-cis-hydroxyproline (4cisHP) or beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (beta APN) to 5-week-old mice for 1 month and studied the effect of each of these substances on the lung function and structure. Compared to control animals the compliance of the respiratory system in the mean was increased by 3-15% in the mice fed beta APN or 3cisHP, and decreased by 2-8% in the mice fed 4cisHP. On electron microscopial examination no overt morphological changes were detectable although as proven by biochemical analysis 3cisHP and 4cisHP were incorporated into the collagen of the mice who received these substances. We conclude that the effect of substances interfering with the normal production of collagen molecules depends on the kind of collagen affected and on the rate of collagen turnover.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed1988

Obstructive sleep apnea: a polysomnographic study of sleep apnea before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

We report about polysomnographic studies including EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, measurement of oropharyngeal airflow, recording of chest wall movements and transcutaneous measurements of pO2 and pCO2 in a 4-year-old girl with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Her sleep profile was characterized by a disturbed cyclic pattern of sleep stages with onset of sleep at stage 4, shortening of REM-sleep periods and of sleep stages 1 and 2, and an increased quantity of sleep stage 4. The total time spent in apneic episodes was 11.3% of the total sleep period (only obstructive events). Apneic attacks were recorded mainly in REM and light NREM sleep states. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy resulted in marked improvement without further evidence of abnormal sleeping pattern or of sleep apneas.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1987

[Can muscle relaxation prevent the development of pneumothorax in artificially ventilated newborn infants?].

A retrospective study was conducted on 37 ventilated newborn infants to find out whether muscle paralysis by pancuronium had prevented pneumothorax (pt) in those severely ill newborn infants. In the group of 21 newborns who developed pt, 17 (81%) had been paralyzed with pancuronium. In the group of 16 newborns without pt, 10 (61%) had received pancuronium (chi 2 = 1,568, ns). Thus, muscular paralysis had not prevented pt. Since the newborns in both groups were equally severely ill (mean compliance of the respiratory system 0.48 +/- 0.17 ml/cm H20 in the group with pt, 0.38 +/- 0.12 in the group without pt), we assume that pancuronium was unable to prevent pt in ventilated premature and full-term newborn infants. We therefore caution against the use of pancuronium as a paralytic drug known to have deleterious side effects.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Regional heat loss in newborn infants. Part I. Heat loss in healthy newborns at various environmental temperatures.

In 17 newborn infants (gestational age 33-40 weeks, birthweight 1 100-5 560 g) heat flux (HF) from the forehead, chest and calf was measured by HF transducers and heat loss (HL) from those body regions was calculated, taking into account variations in surface area. Both HF and HL were related to operative environmental temperature (Top). Average HF from the forehead, chest and calf was 63.3, 51.5 and 45.7 W/m2 respectively at a Top of 31.2 degrees C and increased by 100%, 66% and 50% as the Top fell to 27.5 degrees C. HL from the head, trunk and limbs contributed about one-third each to total dry HL. These data, in the form of regression equations, permit assessment of heat loss from the various body regions of individual neonates in any thermal environment.

Body Temperature Regulation↗