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Biomedical subjects

C Quigley

Publications and source records attributed to C Quigley.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Growth hormone stimulates islet B-cell replication in neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures.

A possible role for growth hormone (GH) in stimulating islet B-cell replication was examined in neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures. Addition of ovine GH (1000 ng/ml) to serum-free medium for 2 days resulted in a significant increase (+114%) in [3H]thymidine labeling of B-cells in aldehyde-thionine-stained autoradiographs, and a similar increase in the B-cell mitotic index. The stimulatory effects of GH on islet B-cell replication were greatest in serum-free medium, unaffected by glucose concentrations (2.8--16.7 mM), and not accompanied by any stimulation of insulin release. The threshold concentration of GH for a significant stimulatory effect on B-cell replication was 30 ng/ml. The insulin-like growth factor, multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), also effectively stimulated B-cell replication. Although some effects of GH are mediated by the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), the effects of GH on B-cell replication did not appear to be mediated by IGFs since (1) the maximal effect of GH (+156%) was significantly greater than that of MSA (+91%); (2) the combination of maximal stimulatory concentrations of GH and MSA produced an additive effect; and (3) a significant effect of GH on B-cell replication was observed as early (8 h) as that produced by MSA. These results suggest that GH can stimulate islet B-cell replication directly, and that this effect may not depend on production of either insulin-like growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Insulin and multiplication stimulating activity (an insulin-like growth factor) stimulate islet (beta-cell replication in neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures.

A possible role for insulin in stimulating islet beta-cell replication was examined in neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures. Addition of insulin to serum-free medium increased the mitotic index and stimulated dose-dependent increases in [3H]-thymidine incorporation in nuclei of islet beta-cells in aldehyde-thionine-stained autoradiographs. The effects of insulin were not associated with any significant changes in glucagon or somatostatin levels in the culture media. Multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), an insulin-like growth factor, was about 100-fold more potent than insulin: 3 ng/ml MSA stimulated a half-maximal increase in thymidine labeling of beta-cell (+63%, P less than 0.005), whereas 300 ng/ml insulin was required for a similar effect. The maximal effects of insulin and MSA were similar, and the combination of maximal stimulatory concentrations of MSA (30 ng/ml) and insulin (3000 ng/ml) was not more effective than either substance added alone, suggesting that both peptides act on the same mechanism(s) regulating beta-cell replication. Furthermore, an antibody to the insulin receptor did not prevent the stimulatory effects of either insulin or MSA on thymidine labeling of beta-cells. These results demonstrate that insulin can stimulate islet beta-cell replication directly, possibly through a receptor for MSA or another insulin-like growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A role for endogneous prostaglandins in the short-circuit current responses to osmolal changes in isolated frog skin.

1. Reduction in osmolality of the Ringer solution bathing the morphological inside of frog skin (by lowering the NaCl concentration) caused a significant increase in sodium transport as measured by the short-circuit current. Pretreatment of the skin with acetylsalicylic acid (2.5 x 10(-4)M) abolished the short-circuit current and open-circuit potential responses to osmolal change.2. The output of prostaglandin-like material from isolated frog skin was increased by incubating the skin in hypotonic Ringer solution.3. The cyclic AMP levels of isolated frog skin were also increased by a reduction in the osmolality of the Ringer fluid bathing the skin.4. Prostaglandin-like material was released both by the separated epithelial and dermal layers of frog skin and the output from both layers, on a unit wet weight basis, did not differ.5. The output of prostaglandin-like material from the separated layers of the skin was substantially greater than from whole skin. Indomethacin (6 x 10(-6)M) reduced the output of this material by more than 90% from both layers.6. The release of prostaglandin-like material from the separated layers of the skin was not altered by a reduction in osmolality of the bathing medium.7. It is concluded that a reduction in the osmolality of the solution bathing frog skin stimulates prostaglandin production and that the increased level of prostaglandins stimulates transepithelial sodium transport by stimulating cyclic AMP accumulation. It is also concluded that the response to osmolal change can only occur in intact skin since separation of the epithelial and dermal layers abolished the increase in the release of prostaglandin-like material to osmolal change. The site of the increased prostaglandin production and the exact nature of the stimulus remain to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The action approach. Integrating a community's needs into the corporate planning process.

With the city of Detroit in turmoil, Mercy Hospitals and Health Services of Detroit (MHHSD) is trying to assimilate the community's unmet needs into the corporate planning process. Through the Community Assessment of Human Needs process, MHHSD identified the needs of the poor in three of Michigan's most impoverished areas. On the basis of these findings, MHHSD collaborated with the Poverty and Social Reform Institute to form the East Side Initiative, a community planning effort to address the community's unmet needs. An advisory group was established to oversee the East Side Initiative's planning process. The East Side Initiative participants met as one group and in smaller groups to focus on specific needs in the areas of healthcare, crime prevention, substance abuse, education, housing, economic development, and family (social) supports. The proposed action plans of each small group have received approval. In the second phase of the East Side Initiative participants will attempt to obtain the necessary resources to implement the groups' proposed actions.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A one-year prospective audit of an asthma education programme in an out-patient setting.

A prospective randomised trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma education programme administered by an asthma nurse specialist in an out-patient setting. Sixty asthmatic patients (mean age 28.5 years) were enrolled, 30 to a usual care control group and 30 to an education group. The education group underwent an individual education programme lasting at least one hour. The following variables were measured at baseline, one month after the education programme and at one year follow-up: asthma knowledge by MCQ (36 point questionnaire), inhaler technique (7 point scale), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and symptomatology by visual analogue score (0 to 10 score). The education group's inhaler technique and MCQ score both improved significantly at one month, from 5.4 (0.3) (mean [SEM]) to 6.5 (0.3), p < 0.001, and from 7.5 (2.4) to 22 (1.8), p < 0.0001 respectively. Both of these improvements were significantly greater than in the control group, and both were maintained at one year follow-up. The symptom score improved over one year in the education group, from 5.4 (0.6) to 7.6 (0.5), p < 0.05, and was unchanged in the control group. There was no change in the PEFR in either group. This study shows clear objective benefits to an out-patient asthma education programme conducted by an asthma nurse specialist.

Adult↗