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Biomedical subjects

C R Borresen

Publications and source records attributed to C R Borresen.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Some perceptual and cognitive factors in mirror tracing: their limits.

Three mirror tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the connection between perception and motor behavior. In the first experiment, some subjects traced a hex-maze, other subjects traced a hex-maze after observing a model trace, others traced a hex-maze after reading instructions on mirror images, and others traced a hex-maze after having observed a model and heard the instructions. There were no significant differences between the groups' error scores, but their time scores differed significantly, although not always in the predicted direction. In Experiment 2, the subjects were to trace selected letters of the alphabet. Error scores for the second experiment did not differ much from those for the first experiment. In Experiment 3, the experimenter gave each subject commands for the correct directions of movement, using the subject's body as a frame-of-reference. There was little improvement in motor performance. These results suggest that the visual information presented in the mirror captured the subjects' attention and blocked their motor tracing program.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Illusion reversal rate as a function of subjective depth.

Undergraduate students (N = 48) served as subjects in a test of Gregory's theory of illusions. Twenty-four students made judgments about the subjective depth of three reversible illusions--Necker cube, Book, and Pyramid--under the conditions of complete versus incomplete illusions and illusions without depth cues versus with depth cues. An additional 24 subjects recorded the three illusion reversal rates under slightly altered conditions. Differences were found among the various illusions with respect to complete versus incomplete illusions, reversal rate, subjective judgments of depth, and certain correlation values. Support for Gregory's theory of illusion as displaced or misleading depth perception is offered by these results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Identification reaction time as a function of target and field object orientation.

Four experiments were conducted investigating the effects of (a) target versus field object orientation, (b) target upside up versus target upside down and (c) inverting versus noninverting lenses on object identification reaction time. Inverting versus noninverting lenses had no significant effect. Target versus field orientation was significant when objects commonly found on a desk were used. Target upside up versus upside down was not significant. With letters as target and field objects, orientation was not significant. When the target letters were simply inverted (rotated 180 degrees on the horizontal axis), however, forming nonfamiliar patterns, the target upside up versus upside down was significant, with the upside down condition resulting in a longer mean reaction time. The complexity and similarity of target and field objects is offered as an explanation of the results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Autokinetic movement as a function of the amount of information in a target shape.

Amount of information was manipulated in four different target shapes; an additional target shape, a ring, was used as a control stimulus. Two levels of information were established, high and low. Information increased by simply adding detail and adding elements that suggested altered meaning. It was predicted that (1) highly informative targets would show some increase in autokinetic movement in the direction suggested by the target shape compared to the low-information form of the target and (2) that the magnitude of increase would be greater for "elements that altered meaning" than for "simple addition of detail." The first hypothesis was supported but the second was not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Children's autokinetic movement as a function of inferred movement of target shape.

Four target shapes, a control stimulus (circle) and one each representing geometrical (arrow), representational (car), and symbolic (cross) implied movement were presented to 10 children in each of five age groups of boys and girls (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 yr.) in an autokinetic movement task. While there were no differences in direction of perceived movement with regard to the control stimulus (circle), all other target shapes showed a decrease in the effects of implied movement with increases in age. The minor sex differences were not reported.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Autokinetic movement in geometric illusions: a note.

Four static geometrical illusions were presented in an autokinetic movement situation. 50 Ss saw each form four times. Of the total responses, 36% were no-movement responses while 37% of the time the total figure was seen as moving. The meaning 27% of the responses involved apparent movement in only a part of the figure. In general, the elements seen as moving are the parts misperceived in the static geometrical illusion.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1976

Autokinetic movement as a function of symbolic meaning of target shape.

The autokinetic movement responses of 10 American, 10 Chinese, and 10 Iranian students to religious symbols and control stimuli were measured. The hypothesis of differential direction response as a function of the target shapes was supported. Iranian students did show a pattern of responding significantly different from the American and Chinese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Shape constancy as a function of selected physical stimulus dimensions.

By a random method the right half of a figure was constructed; then a mirror image was drawn on the left side to produce a perfectly symmetrical figure. This basic figure was manipulated in such a way as to produce five figures (instances) each on the four physical dimensions of symmetry, number of points, ratio of curved to angled turns, and extension. The hypothesis that the instances of the physical dimensions would be related to degree of shape constancy in an ordinal manner was not supported in any simple way. However there was enough evidence to warrent further investigation. The dimension of extension was selected. Three new stimulus forms were constructed in a manner commensurate with Exp. I, and varied over the dimension of extension. The functions from instance to instance of the three random figures were not significantly similar. However, the homegeneity of mean Brunswik ratios, and individual responses decreased with increased extension; also, values of the ratio closer to 1.00 were generated with increased extension. This suggests that the interaction effects of particular figure and location on the dimension of extension may be of fundamental importance.

Discrimination, Psychological↗