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Biomedical subjects

C R Buncher

Publications and source records attributed to C R Buncher.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The National Cancer Institute Cooperative Early Lung Cancer Detection Program. Results of the initial screen (prevalence). Early lung cancer detection: Introduction.

This introduction provides a description of 3 cooperating studies on Screening for Early Lung Cancer conducted under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute. The next 3 reports detail the unique aspects and results of the individual screening studies. The final presentation summarizes the initial ("prevalence") screening for all 3 centers (approximately 30,000 men), and gives our conclusions.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Relationship of air lead and blood lead for workers at an automobile battery factory.

Air lead and blood lead data, recorded over a period of 3 years for 972 employees at an automobile battery factory as part of a lead control program, were summarized and statistically analyzed. The air lead values were measured by mobile area samplers for approximately 2 years and then by personal samplers for approximately 1 year. Blood lead analyses were usually performed once a month for most of the workers. The trend in air lead levels was significantly upward in the 1st year and significantly downward in the 2nd year while the trend in blood lead levels was significantly downward in the 1st year and in the 3rd year. There were no other significant trends. To assess the relationship between air lead and blood lead, data were used whenever an air lead obtained by personal sampler was followed within 1 month by a blood lead on the same worker. The variables age, job tenure, and department identity were included in an analysis of covariance. Only air lead and departments were significant, accounting for 9% and 13% of the variance in blood lead, respectively. From these data 95% confidence limits were calculated for predicting blood leads from given air leads for an individual worker. These were 30-68 micrograms/100 ml at 200 micrograms/m3, 25-62 micrograms/100 ml at 100 micrograms/m3, and 22-60 micrograms/100 ml at 50 micrograms/m3.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The epidemiology of genital colonization with Staphylococcus aureus.

The prevalence of genital colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, including strains that have been associated with toxic shock syndrome, was studied in 600 women. Nine percent of these women were colonized with S. aureus, 5% of whom had positive vaginal cultures, and 1% were colonized with toxin-producing strains. Black women were colonized with S. aureus, including toxin-producing strains, as frequently or more frequently than white women. The highest colonization rates occurred in postpartum women. Trends toward increasing colonization occurred in relation to decreasing age and socioeconomic status. There were no statistically significant relationships between genital colonization with S. aureus and the use of tampons, oral contraceptives, or a variety of other personal habits and health problems. Genital cultures taken in consecutive menstrual cycles indicated that 35% of women with S. aureus were persistent carriers, and the rest either intermittent or transient carriers. Toxin-producing S. aureus was also identified in family members of women carrying the same organism. This report defines the prevalence of genital colonization in a large population of women, characterizes the women with S. aureus, and describes epidemiologic features of genital carriage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Skin and eye diseases among arc welders those exposed to welding operations.

The prevalence of skin and eye abnormalities was determined in 77 journeymen welders, 75 members of other trades exposed to welding operations and 58 non-exposed comparison workers. Characteristics including possible risk factors for skin cancer were compared among the groups. Localized cutaneous erythema was frequent in welders and occasional in other exposed workers. Small cutaneous scars were frequent in welders. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of actinic elastosis by occupational group; however, the degree of elastosis was significantly associated with type of complexion, original hair color, eye color, childhood freckling poor ability to tan and ease of sunburning. There were no significant difference among the groups in the prevalence of various dermatoses, skin tumors, alterations in visual acuity or clinical ocular abnormalities on slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy apart from variations in the amount of dust in the lids. The observed prevalences of skin and eye diseases may provide useful comparative data.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinically important radiation-associated thyroid disease. A controlled study.

We evaluated 1,266 persons who had received external radiotherapy for benign diseases in childhood. The evaluation used detailed questionnaires completed by trained interviewers and neoplastic disease registry data. The control population included 958 age-, sex-, race-, and disease-matched persons who had not received radiotherapy and 9,865 family members of the two study groups. An excess number of clinically important thyroid neoplasms, both benign and malignant, was noted in the irradiated group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in styrene exposed workers and a control population.

Styrene is rapidly metabolized in humans to mandelic () and phenylglyoxylic acids (P) which are excreted in urine. The present study investigates a gas chromatographic technique for measuring urinary concentrations of MA and PGA of workers exposed to styrene, compares the urinary concentrations of metabolites with time-weighted average air exposures to styrene and determines the levels of these metabolites in a population of workers not exposed to styrene. Post-shift urine specimens were obtained from a group of workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic industry and from a control group. High positive correlation was found between post-shift urinary concentrations of metabolites and 8-hour TWA styrene exposure. Both MA and total metabolites (MA + PGA) gave correlation coefficient values of 0.96, p less than 0.0001. The mean MA excretion for the control groups was 6 mg/L. Determination of the concentration of these metabolites in a post-shift urine provides an effective means of estimating and monitoring human exposure to styrene.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1980

National Cancer Institute study: evaluation of computed tomography in the diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms. II. Was randomization necessary?

The final results of the National Cancer Institute study were evaluated to determine whether there were any differences in the comparative ability to diagnose intracranial tumors depending upon the order in which computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide scanning (RN), the two basic modalities, were performed. Only those patients who were examined by noncontrast CT and RN (with an interval of one or more days between the tests) were studied for this paper. There were 684 patients who underwent CT before RN, and 959 who underwent RN before CT. It was found that any effects of order, if they exist at all, were sufficiently unimportant that they did not change the results of the study. It is concluded that, for this study, randomization was not necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Enhanced development of mammary tumors in rats following transplacental and neonatal exposure to ethylnitrosourea.

Transplacental and neonatal induction of mammary tumors (MT's) with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. A low transplacental ENU dose (10 mg/kg) did not increase the number of MT's or shorten their latency period. High ENU doses (30 mg/kg neonatal, 60 mg/kg transplacental, or 120 mg/kg transplacental) when corrected for differences in life span caused a significant shortening of the tumor induction period and an overall increase in the tumor incidence. With high ENU doses, the MT's were frequently multiple in the same animal and were more often malignant. Tumors developed mostly in females; only a few were observed in males. It is concluded that with a sufficient dose of the carcinogen in susceptible animals, transplacental and neonatal ENU mammary carcinogenesis takes place. The experiment was originally designed to evaluate ENU-induced neurogenic tumors; the results on MT's were obtained incidentally.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Ionizing irradiation and the induction of clinically significant disease in the human thyroid gland.

Because of increasing concern over continuing medical and potential nonmedical exposure of the thyroid to radiation, risk estimates have been developed for acute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and both benign and malignant thyroid nodules following exposure of the human thyroid to external and internal sources of ionizing radiation. These estimates are unique in that they are based entirely on data in human subjects are included corrections for the spontaneous occurrence of thyroid disease in human populations not subjected to radiation whenever possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ohio drinking water source and cancer rates.

The 88 counties of Ohio were classified as either ground water or surface water counties based on the source of the drinking water used by a majority of the county residents included in the 1963 U.S. Public Health Service Inventory of Municipal Water Facilities. Average cancer mortality rates for surface and ground water counties were compared using analysis of covariance. Mortality rates for stomach, bladder, and all malignant neoplasms were higher for white males in counties served by surface water supplies than in counties served by ground water supplies. Mortality rates for stomach neoplasms were higher for white females in surface water counties. These differences in mortality rates were not attributable to other factors known to be associated with cancer death rates including urbanization, median income, population size, manufacturing activity, and agriculture-forestry-fishery activity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Insulin, obesity, and triglyceride interrelationships in sixteen children with familial hypertriglyceridemia.

Sixteen children with familial hypertriglyceridemia were studied to determine whether there were any distinctive insulintriglycerid-obesity relationships in pediatric familial hypertriglyceridemia. Eleven of 16 children had calculated fat mass greater than the 97th percentile for age, height, and sex. When compared with 16 normal control subjects matched for degree of obesity immunoreactive insulin and glucose response during oral glucose tolerance was similar for normal and hypertriglyceridemic children. By either simple correlation or multiple regression analysis, plasma, triglycerides did not correlate significantly with measurements of insulin or obesity in hypertriglyceridemic or normal children. Within the limits of a small sample size, and in the presence of obesity, insulin does not appear to play a predominant role in the genesis of hypertriglyceridemia in children with familial hypertriglyceridemia. With a small mean weight loss of 1.8 kg and adherence to a diet with 20% of calories as protein, 40% each as fat and carbohydrate, polyunsaturate to saturate ratio of 1.5:1, mean plasma triglycerides were reduced from 238 to 140 mg/100 ml in the 11 obese children with familial hypertriglyceridemia (P less than 0.02). Speculation In spite of the complicating role of obesity, adolescence, and the small sample size, it is interesting to note that the correlation coefficients between triglyceride and insulin/glucose area (0.36), and insulin area (0.30), although not significant (P less than 0.1), were considerably higher in hypertriglyceridemic children than in normal subjects in whom comparable correlation coefficients were 0.08 and 0.08. This infers that the potential role of insulin in triglyceride metabolism in children with familial hypertriglyceridemia might be discerned with longitudinal follow-up into adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Rubella antibody levels in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased rubella antibody titres have been reported in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and it has been suggested that rubella virus may be of importance in the aetiology or pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, rubella and rubeola antibody titres in 85 patients with JRA were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. 41% of the patients did not have rubella antibody, but the geometric mean titre of those with JRA who had antibody was slightly higher than that of the controls with antibody (58-9 against 42-7; P less than 0-05). The level of rubella antibody titre correlated with serum IgG levels. There was no difference in rubeola antibody titres between patients and controls, and rubeola antibody did not correlate with serum IgG. Fifteen JRA patients developed rubella antibody after rubella vaccine or natural disease. This did not result in unusually high antibody titres and was associated with a mild exacerbation of symptoms in only two patients. This study suggests that the slight increase in rubella antibody in JRA is a nonspecific manifestation of increased immunoglobulins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Maternal ABO groups and the sex ratio of live births.

The sex ratio of 67,205 single, live births was significantly associated with maternal ABO, but not Rh, types. The proportion of males was highest among children of AB mothers in both the Rh+ and Rh- subpopulations, corroborating previous data. The findings are discussed with relation to earlier reports and possible mechanisms.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Bivariate analyses of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in families in which probands have type IIb lipoprotein phenotype.

Univariate and bivariate analyses of cholesterol and triglycerides are performed after appropriate age adjustment on 247 individuals in 33 families where the probands have elevations of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and type IIb lipoprotein phenotype. Mixture of lognormal distributions are fitted by maximum likelihood to the data. Best fitting single and mixtures of lognormal distributions are compared with empirical cumulative plots, and the likelihood-ratio criterion is used to test for significance. A mixture of two lognormal distributions fits significantly better than one lognormal distribution for cholesterol but not for triglycerides. When a mixture of bivariate lognormals is fitted to the data, only one local maximum is found, suggesting action of a single genetic determinant in this sample. The best cutoff line is almost parallel to the triglyceride axis, indicating the relatively high involvement of cholesterol compared to triglycerides in separating the normal and abnormal groups. Using the best linear function, the difference in the two bivariate means is found to account for 61% of the total variation in log cholesterol and log triglycerides. To determine if the results are due to enrichment of the sample with familial hypercholesterolemia syndrome, seven families where the proband and/or any relative has tendon xanthomas are removed and the analyses repeated on the remaining 26 kindreds. The results of these analyses are virtually the same as those of the total sample. Also, a subsample of 21 families in which the proband and at least one additional kindred member are affected is analyzed in the same manner with similar results. For comparison, data from a study of families with combined hyperlipidemia [1] are analyzed in an analogous manner, bearing in mind that the populations sampled are probably different. Fitting a mixture of two bivariate distributions and finding the best cutoff to these data indicate that triglycerides are more involved in separating the two groups. Probably because of major differences in ascertainment, the distribution of lipid levels in oour patient group is practically indistinguishable from that of hypercholesterolemia, and the Seattle data [1] are more nearly similar to hypertriglyceridemia. It may be premature to consider familial combined hyperlipidemia as an entity distinct from both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hope it will eventually be possible to analyze these data using a refined genetic model that includes both major gene and polygenic effects and to combine this form of analysis with quantitative tissue culture methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Analysis of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol in 50 microl of plasma.

A micromethod for quantitation of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol was devised for gas-liquid chromatography to minimize plasma sample size and facilitate lipid studies using capillary blood from children or small animals. alpha-Lipoprotein cholesterol was measured by gas-liquid chromatography in 20 micro l of the centrifuged supernate obtained after addition of 5 micro l of mixed heparin-manganese chloride solution 1:1 (v/v) to 50 micro l of plasma. Comparison of venous alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol measured by gas-liquid chromatography with venous alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol measured by conventional heparin-manganese precipitation and ferric chloride (colorimetric) cholesterol determination gave a correlation coefficient of 0.98 for 80 plasma samples. Capillary alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and venous alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol were closely correlated in 31 patients (r = 0.97).

Adult↗