Selected demographic characteristics associated with incidence cases of uterine cervical squamous severe dysplasia and carcinoma were determined. The mean age at histologic detection for all patients with Papanicolaou smears at not greater than three-year intervals was 31.0 years, with a range of 19 to 63. Invasive carcinomas were predominantly of the microinvasive type, and the mean age of patients was 34.1 years. The mean interval for conversion from cytologic negativity or mild dysplasia was 2.2 years, and two basic patterns of conversion were recognized: (1) continuously increasing atypia and (2) retrogressive cytologic findings. Most instances of the latter type probably were due to inadequacies of cellular sampling. No significant correlation was found between conversion interval and age of patient. A case-control comparison of gravidity and parity showed statistically significantly higher values among index cases for both measures for ages 20 to 29 but not for 30 years or older, implicating youthful pregnancy as an etiologic factor in cervical carcinogenesis.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid rise and subsequent decline in prostate cancer incidence rates for New Mexico, 1989-1993.

Beginning in the late 1980s, a large increase in incidence rates for prostate cancer occurred in association with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. In New Mexico, the increased screening was associated with earlier detection of cancers and decreased prostate cancer mortality, suggesting that PSA screening may be effective. PSA screening has become a controversial topic of public debate, and anecdotal reports from physicians indicated that prostate cancer screening practice patterns were changing in New Mexico. To assess whether PSA-associated trends in prostate cancer incidence were continuing, we examined incidence rates from 1989 to 1993 among men in New Mexico. From 1989 to 1992, age-adjusted rates increased substantially for non-Hispanic whites (77%), Hispanics (50%), and American Indians (27%). Although rates increased for all stages combined, incidence rates decreased for distant-stage disease, especially for non-Hispanic whites, indicating a continuing trend toward earlier detection. In 1993, incidence rates unexpectedly decreased from 203 to 158/100,000 in non-Hispanic whites, largely as a result of changes in rates in men over age 65 years. Although incidence rates decreased, the trend toward earlier detection was maintained for non-Hispanic whites. In contrast, among Hispanic and American Indians, rates did not change substantially between 1992 and 1993. Because the epidemic in prostate cancer was associated with increased PSA screening, it is likely that the trends for non-Hispanic whites are also related to PSA screening. We suggest that the decrease in rates and the continued stage shift are consistent with repeated screening of men in the population at risk.

Aged↗