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Biomedical subjects

C R Madeley

Publications and source records attributed to C R Madeley.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A dot-blot hybridization procedure for the detection of astrovirus in stool samples.

We have developed a nucleic acid dot-blot hybridization test for the detection of astroviruses in stool samples. The test was not as sensitive as electron microscopy for the detection of low numbers of well preserved astrovirus particles, but was able to identify astroviruses in stools containing particles of indistinct morphology. In total, this procedure identified astroviruses in more samples than did electron microscopy, and the data indicate that the incidence of astroviruses may be substantially underestimated.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1979

Stool viruses in babies in Glasgow. 3. Community studies.

Twenty-seven babies from one deprived housing area in Glasgow were followed-up regularly, for periods varying between 2 months and 11 months (mean 7 months), in a prospective study of the viruses to be found in their stools by electron microscopy. Weekly stool specimens were collected in the home together with a history of the baby's health. Additional stool specimens were obtained, up to a maximum of one per day, during admissions to hospital. Over 500 specimens were obtained at home and another 320 in hospital. A wide variety of viruses (over 200 recognizates) were detected and it has been possible to plot their temporal relation to disease episodes. It became apparent that virus excretion was frequently unaccompanied by evidence of illness and it has not been possible to describe a typical illness syndrome associated with any of the morphological types of virus observed. The results suggest that, in one area of Glasgow at least, patterns of virus excretion in young babies are complex and will need further elucidation before the need for a vaccine to prevent infantile diarrhoea could be defined.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the features of astroviruses and caliciviruses seen in samples of feces by electron microscopy.

Astroviruses and caliciviruses may both be observed in the feces of babies by electron microscopy and are two of the viruses whose relationship to infantile diarrhea is still being established. Although similar in size and in their star-shaped surface configurations, they differ in detailed structure. The astrovirus has a round unbroken edge, a six-pointed star with a white center, and surface hollows that are triangular. The calicivirus has a feathery edge, a six-pointed star with a dark hollow in the center (Star-of-David) appearance), and surface hollows that appear round or oval. Because only a minority of the virions of both viruses exhibit a completely characteristic structure, careful searching may be necessary to distinguish between the two viruses.

Caliciviridae↗
PubMed1979

Viruses in the stools.

It has long been possible to isolate viruses from the stools by culture, though the viruses found are rarely implicated in disease of the gut. In contrast, only recently has it been possible to identify viruses in the stools of patients with diarrhoea. Initially, such identifications were made by electron microscopy but the unsuitability of the microscope for large-scale screening has led to the development of other methods. The new methods have concentrated on rotaviruses but other viruses are also implicated and an overall view of the significance of finding a virus in any stool specimen has to take into account the evidence about all viruses, old and new.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

Stool viruses in babies in Glasgow 2. Investigation of normal newborns in hospital.

The stools of 37 newborn babies born in hospital were examined for the presence of virus. An extract of every stool passed by each baby was examined in the electron microscopy and inoculated into cell cultures. The babies were delivered in four separate maternity units (A-D). All the babies from unit A and C(9 babies) were found to be excreting rotavirus though none showed any evidence of diarrhoea. Two of the babies also excreted astrovirus. Subsequently unit A was closed for cleaning and, on reopening with more restrictions on visitors, a further 19 babies were examined. No virus was found in any of their stools, nor was virus observed in the stools of babies from units B and D, where visiting was also more restricted. Visiting restrictions in these units excluded older siblings of the babies. No virus was cultured from any stools in this study.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1977

Stool viruses in babies in Glasgow. I. Hospital admissions with diarrhoea.

Stools from 183 babies under 2 years of age admitted to Ruchill Hospital with diarrhoea were examined by electron microscopy, virus culture, bacterial culture and light microscopy. As far as possible, several stools were examined from each patient and the results showed rotaviruses, astroviruses and other viruses in association with symptoms, as well as the expected bacterial pathogens. Examination of several stools from the same patient also showed that in this age group the viral flora of the gut changes rapidly and that the viruses seen by electron microscopy were only rarely grown in cell culture and vice versa. This phenomenon was particularly noted with adenoviruses. In 30% of cases no microbial pathogen was identified and in the remainder the presence of the infecting organism did not always coincide with the symptoms. It is concluded that, with viruses at least, presence of the organism does not constitute proof of causation.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Human rotavirus in lambs: infection and passive protection.

A human stool filtrate containing rotavirus which was administered orally to gnotobiotic lambs caused diarrhea, virus excretion, development of antibodies to rotavirus, and pathological changes in the villi of the small intestine. Thus, lambs may serve as experimental animals for the study of human rotavirus infections. This model system was used to study passive protection. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing antibody to rotavirus was fed to lambs 24 to 78 h after birth, and the lambs were infected with lamb-passaged human rotavirus when 30 h old. The lambs treated with IgG did not develop diarrhea, and virus excretion was delayed in onset and shortened in duration. It may be possible to make similar use of IgG to protect children at risk in a rotavirus outbreak. The treatment did not prevent the lambs developing antibody to rotavirus.

Administration, Oral↗