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Biomedical subjects

C R Pfaltz

Publications and source records attributed to C R Pfaltz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Limits and possibilities of electronystagmography].

The diagnostic importance of ENG depends on the neuro-otologist's knowledge of electrophysiology, vestibular pathophysiology and clinical experience. By no means can ENG replace a detailed neurological examination of the dizzy patient. Evaluation of ENG recordings is neither within the competence of the technical assistant who is in charge of this diagnostic method, nor can it be left to the computerised nystagmus analysator. ENG is a fundamental constituent of medical diagnosis in cases of neurootological diseases and should not be misused for diagnostic sophistries.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

The optokinetic test: interaction of the vestibular and optokinetic system in normal subjects and patients with vestibular disorders.

In 100 patients showing different lesions of the peripheral vestibular system and of the CNS, the influence of spontaneous vestibular nystagmus on optokinetic nystagmus was investigated. Considering the large interindividual differences in the results of vestibulo-visual interaction, the actual values of OKN slow-phase velocity obtained by visual stimulation are only of limited diagnostic value in a single case. However, by averaging the results obtained from various nosologic groups of patients very different but distinct patterns of vestibulo-visual interaction can be demonstrated: The diagnostic importance of quantitative assessment of optokinetic nystagmus is demonstrated by a statistical evaluation of test results obtained in normal subjects as well as in patients with peripheral and central vestibular disorders. The most important diagnostic parameters of a pathologic foveo-retinal optokinetic response are directional preponderance of slow phase velocity and gain of OKN. Increasing target velocity with decreasing gain clearly indicate the presence of a severe brainstem lesion involving the entire oculomotor control system which provides the coordination of head and eye movements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Complications of otitis media.

Although intracranial otogenic complications occur less frequently than in the preantibiotic period, their mortality rate is still relatively high. On the basis of some personal clinical observations made during the last decade attention has been drawn to the most common intra- and extracranial otogenic complications (posterior fossa syndrome, labyrinthine fistula, labyrinthitis, facial palsy) mostly due to cholesteatoma, and a less frequent intracranial complication occurring mainly in children (otitic hydrocephalus) caused by chronic otitis media. It may therefore be concluded that otitis media must still be considered a dangerous disease, necessitating early diagnosis, intensive therapy and in case of a cholesteatoma complete and early eradication.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Temporal bone pneumatization. A planimetric study.

This present study is based on the results of a planimetric investigation of temporal bone pneumatization in 73 children (with and without middle ear pathology). Radiologic and clinical follow-up studies indicate a definite inhibition of pneumatization due to chronic secretory or recurrent suppurative otitis media. This process is partially reversible if the underlying pathologic ventilation of the middle ear spaces is cured by an adequate treatment, such as direct adenoidectomy and/or long-term middle ear ventilation (6 months indispensable).

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1980

Interaction of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus in patients with peripheral vestibular and central nervous disorders.

In 66 patients showing different lesions of the vestibular and central nervous system, the influences of spontaneous and experimentally (rotation) induced vestibular nystagmus on optokinetic nystagmus were investigated. Considering the large interindividual differences in the results of vestibulo-visual interaction, the actual values of nystagmus slow phase velocity obtained by means of a combined vestibular and visual stimulation are only of limited diagnostic value in a single case. But by averaging the results obtained from various nosologic groups of patients very different but distinct patterns of vestibulo-visual interaction can be demonstrated. This observation allows some speculation on the mechanism of how nystagmus might be generated as a common output of the vestibular and the visual system.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[Short- or long-term middle ear ventilation? (author's transl)].

In this retrospective study the results of long and short term middle ear ventilation are discussed by comparison of recurrence and frequency of reoperation. It is obvious that only long term middle ear drainage can lead to a satisfactory and permanent therapy success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

On the interaction of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus in man.

The interaction of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was investigated by applying periods of ipsi- and contradirectional optokinetic stimulation during perand postrotatory vestibular nystagmus in healthy humans. Slow phase velocity and cumulative eye displacement of OKN was enhanced by vestibular nystagmus beating in the same direction of decreased by contradirectional vestibular nystagmus. A distinct correlation between the intensity of vestibular stimulation and the modification of OKN could be demonstrated by averaging the responses obtained in different subjects. On the other hand there was also a modification (enhancement or decrease) of vestibular nystagmus slow phase velocity by preceding OKN. Considering the intensity of these modifications, large interindividual differences were observed.

Electronystagmography↗
PubMed1978

Occult cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

A clinico-pathological study of 10 cases (including histopathology) indicates that occult cholesteatoma is neither a congenital cholesteatoma nor an epidermoid cyst, originating in the attic through a melaplastic process of middle ear mucosa behind an intact tympanic membrane. Occult cholesteatoma is due to retraction and active immigration of the epidermal layer of the tympanic membrane into the narrow compartments of the epitympanic area and its causative factor is a chronic inflammatory stimulus. Symptomatology is insiduous because extension of destruction depends entirely on the direction of its growth which for its part is guided by the mucosal folds of the epitympanic space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Symptomatology and diagnosis of vestibular disorders following head injury (author's transl)].

One hundred cases of head injuries were submitted to thorough repeat neuro-otological examinations. The results were evaluated with respect to the diagnostic importance of vestibular symptoms. Positional nystagmus was found to be the most common symptom (51%). In 25% of the cases, spontaneous nystagmus could be demonstrated up to two years following head injury. Pathologic caloric responses were found in only one-third of the patients. Positional and positioning nystagmus were found to be the most important symptoms of a vestibular disorder following head injury, and seem to be the most reliable criteria for the assessment of disability and working capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on habituation of vestibulospinal reflexes. Effects of repetitive optokinetic and vestibular stimuli upon the stepping test.

The influence of repetitive applications of optokinetic and vestibular stimuli upon the vestibulospinal responses, measured by the stepping test, was investigated both in an optokinetic training and vestibular habituation test series. Repeated applications of optokinetic and vestibular stimuli modified the rotation angles of the stepping test, i.e. vestibulospinal responses, resulting in a response decline of rotation angles which was still present after 1 month.

Habituation, Psychophysiologic↗