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Biomedical subjects

C Regan

Publications and source records attributed to C Regan.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Promoting nutrition in commercial foodservice establishments: a realistic approach.

Americans are eating out an average of 3.7 times per week and are spending almost 40% of their food dollar doing so. A Gallup Survey shows about 39% of consumers claim to have improved their eating habits while eating out, but restaurant patrons are most concerned about nutrition when dining out on a routine visit or while in a family-style restaurant. Restaurant patrons are also now more likely to order lower sodium meals, small-size portions, and lower calorie entrées. Although the opportunity to promote nutrition in the foodservice setting exists, restaurant chefs and managers often lack the background to take advantage of it and could benefit from the services of qualified nutrition professionals. Dietitians could assist in identifying menu items appropriate for nutrition promotion, recipe development, and staff training. However, a realistic approach must be maintained, and the following facts should be kept in mind: Nutritious restaurant fare should blend with the theme of the menu and be promoted primarily on its sensory attributes. Nutrition in restaurants is best received when promoted generally and within the scope of health and wellness. Descriptive menu items should be carefully used. A restaurant consultant should be current on controversial food and nutrition trends. The wait staff should be properly trained.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of lay-taught and professional-taught arthritis self-management courses.

One hundred subjects with arthritis were randomized into lay-taught, or professional-taught 12-h arthritis self-management courses, or a control group. Outcomes, knowledge, exercise, relaxation, disability, pain, and number of physician visits were measured aat baseline and 4 months. Professional-taught groups demonstrated greater knowledge gain while lay-taught groups had greater changes in relaxation (p less than .01) and a tendency toward less disability. Although it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions, this study suggests that lay leaders can teach arthritis self-management courses with results similar to those achieved by professionals.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1985

Sodium valproate stimulates the particulate form of glutamine synthetase in rat brain.

The anticonvulsant drug, sodium valproate, enhanced total activity of glutamine synthetase in cortical and cerebellar homogenates of the rat at concentrations of 25-50 mM, without significantly altering substrate affinity. This effect was due to a selective increase in the Vmax and substrate affinity of the enzyme in the particulate fraction. At the same concentration the drug caused little change in the Vmax of the cytosolic enzyme, although the substrate affinity was reduced. These effects cannot be attributed to isozymes of glutamine synthetase as only one form could be demonstrated by ion-exchange chromatography or electroblotting with antibodies to glutamine synthetase. This selective stimulation of particulate glutamine synthetase is suggested to be due to increases in membrane fluidity induced by the drug. The contribution of these effects to the mechanistic action of sodium valproate is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Women's health groups: alternatives to the health care system.

This article describes an empirical study of 28 alternative women's health organizations. These organizations were formed by women who rejected the existing institutions of health care, especially the nature and quality of reproductive health services. The study examined their philosophy of health care, the range of services provided and the characteristics of women who use them, their internal organization in terms of the distribution of power and authority, and the problems and challenges involved in their existence. Implications and impacts resulting from their continuing existence into the 1980s on the delivery of health care for women are addressed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1983

Development of cerebellar cells in neuron-enriched cultures: cell surface proteins.

Lactoperoxidase catalyzed 125I-iodination of 8-day-old rat cerebellar cultures enriched in interneurons, mainly granule cells, was studied during a period 1-8 days in vitro, when the mature appearance of the cultures develop. Autoradiography of the surface iodinated constituents after separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a limited number of heavily labeled bands, including polypeptides of apparent molecular weight (X 10(3] of 140, 88, 68, 58 and 53 daltons. Their relative proportion in terms of 125I-content changed during the development of the cultures. Initially, the labeled 140 kdaltons band (P140) was dominant. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum raised against immature rat cerebellar plasma membrane preparations (anti-BPM serum) that primarily recognizes one neuronal surface antigen (D2)33, it was established that the P140 comprises the D2 protein. In contrast to the amount of D2, which increases during the 8-day culture period, the labeling of P140 decreased sharply after 2 DIV. This decline coincided with a developmental change in the molecular forms of D2 involving desialylation. Treatment of 2 DIV cultures with neuraminidase, which reproduces the D2 developmental change, prior to 125I-iodination resulted in a marked reduction in the labeling of P140, whereas the other major labeled group of polypeptides in the 50 kdalton range were little affected. Further experiments showed that the D2 protein is phosphorylated in the plasma membrane. It was found that some of the surface labeled proteins, including P140, are released into the culture medium, but apparently in a non-phosphorylated form. Thus it would appear that a significant part of the polypeptide chain of D2, which is an integral membrane constituent, is exposed on the cell surface, and that either D2 has an anchorage within the membrane that is phosphorylated but is not released or D2 is rapidly dephosphorylated when it is shed from the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Specific recognition of the neuronal cell surface by an antiserum raised plasma membrane preparations of immature rat cerebellum.

A brain specific antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with a crude membrane fraction from 8-day old rat cerebella. In immunofluorescence studies the antiserum labeled the perikarya and processes of cultured cerebellar neurones. In contrast, other cell types, encountered in cerebellar cultures including astrocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, were consistently unstained. The antiserum when used in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with Triton X-100 solubilized brain extracts reacted predominantly with one antigen that could be identified as the D2 protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Identification of a defence mechanism in vivo against the leakage of enterokinase into the blood.

1. The serum proteinase inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and C1-esterase inhibitor were found not to affect the catalytic activity of human enterokinase, whereas bovine trypsin activity was modified essentially as expected. Enterokinase was also not inhibited by Trasylol (trypsin inhibitor from bovine lung) or bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. No other component in human or mouse serum complexing with enterokinase was identified. 2. Human enterokinase administered intravenously into mice was rapidly cleared from the circulation with a half-life of 2.5 min. This removal was not the result of the difference in species, since partially purified mouse enterokinase was cleared at the same rate as the human enzyme. Clearance was mediated by recognition of the carbohydrate portion of enterokinase and not through specific recognition of its catalytic site. Immunofluorescent staining showed that the enzyme accumulated in the liver. Attempts to block the clearance by the simultaneous infusion of competing glycoproteins suggested that enterokinase was taken up by hepatocytes. Of the glycoproteins tested only two, human lactoferrin (terminal fucosyl alpha 1 leads to 3 N-acetylglucosamine) and bovine asialo-fetuin (terminal galactosyl beta 1 leads to 4 N-acetylglucosamine) were weakly competitive. Two inhibitors of endocytosis, Intralipid and Triton WR1339, failed to delay the removal of enterokinase. It is proposed that enterokinase is cleared from the circulation by an as yet uncharacterized hepatocyte receptor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Opsite catheter dressings for parenteral nutrition: a prospective, randomized study.

A prospective, randomized study compared the use of Opsite and standard gauze/tape dressings in 261 patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Eighty-four patients had a source of external drainage and were evaluated as a separate group. Catheter-related sepsis was assessed by blood culture, catheter tip culture, clinical sepsis, and clinical defervescence of fever after catheter removal. Although no statistically significant difference between Opsite and standard dressings could be identified, Opsite-treated patients consistently had increased parameters of catheter-related sepsis in all comparisons. As used here, Opsite is probably not a suitable catheter dressing system for parenteral nutrition.

Bandages↗