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Biomedical subjects

C Reid

Publications and source records attributed to C Reid.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Compared effects of selected colloids on extravascular lung water in dogs after oleic acid-induced lung injury and severe hemorrhage.

While the hemodynamic effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) have been reported, the effect of this material upon extravascular lung water (EVLW) has not been investigated. Twenty mongrel dogs were subjected to both an oleic acid-induced lung injury and a 2-h period of hemorrhagic shock (MAP = 40 mm Hg). After reinfusion of shed blood, 5 dogs in each of 4 groups were given either 0.5 L of lactated Ringer's solution or 0.5 L of 5% albumin, 6% dextran 75, or 6% HES. Lactated Ringer's solution was then given in sufficient quantity to keep the wedge pressure (WP) at 12-15 mm Hg and PaO2, P(A-a)O2, cardiac index (CI) and oxygen delivery were determined. EVLW was measured by thermal-green dye double-indicator technique with an Edwards Lung Water Computer (American Edwards Laboratories, Santa Ana, CA). Mean baseline EVLW was 6.9 +/- 0.3 ml/kg. Mean EVLW rose to 11.5 +/- 1.9 ml/kg after oleic acid. One h after reinfusion, EVLW increased to 40.5 +/- 4 ml/kg in the dogs given only lactated Ringer's solution and to 39.5 +/- 1.5 ml/kg in the dextran group. EVLW was 25.5 +/- 3 ml/kg in the HES dogs, and 29.5 +/- 2 ml/kg in the group given albumin. Differences between albumin and lactated Ringer's solution and between the HES and lactated Ringer's groups were significant (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05). Measurements of oxygen, ventilation, CI, and oxygen delivery were not significantly different between the albumin and HES subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting tricuspid stenosis.

We reviewed the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms of 100 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease. All were subsequently studied by cardiac catheterization and angiography. In four patients, cardiac catheterization showed tricuspid stenosis (average mean diastolic gradient 6.2 mm Hg), which was confirmed during cardiac surgery. M-mode echocardiography showed a diminished EF slope in 12 patients (mean 26 mm/sec), including the four patients with tricuspid stenosis. Seven of the eight patients without tricuspid stenosis had significant pulmonary hypertension; the reasons for the diminished EF slope in the other patient could not be identified. Tricuspid stenosis was diagnosed in four patients from two-dimensional echocardiograms on the basis of diastolic doming and restricted leaflet motion of the tricuspid valve. These four patients were the same patients in whom tricuspid stenosis was diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is useful in the diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lamellar bodies in activated platelets as revealed by the use of tannic acid and a comparison with the concentric laminar organelles of type II pneumocytes.

Transmission electron micrographs of unactivated platelets, adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregates and thrombin-induced platelet clots, prepared using a tannic acid fixative/stain, reveal characteristic lamellar bodies. These lamellar bodies are seen more frequently in the clots. The lower limit of the dark band periodicity in the lamellar bodies is between 4 . 4 and 5 . 0 nm, and the layers are thought to be composed of phospholipid, probably phosphatidyl choline. Analogies are drawn between the lamellar bodies of platelets and the concentric laminar organelles present in Type II pneumocytes (dust cells) which show similar ultrastructural characteristics when treated with the tannic acid fixative/stain.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions: a comparison of noxythiolin and a new povidone-iodine/PVP solution.

Peritoneal adhesions were induced in 250 female Wistar rats by the excision and closure of a right lower quadrant parietal peritoneal defect. After closure of the defect each rat was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: A, control with no instillate; B, control with Ringer solution; C, noxythiolin 0.5 per cent solution; D, noxythiolin 1 per cent solution; E povidone-iodine/PVP solution. Two millilitres of the appropriate solution were injected into the peritoneal cavity just before closure of a standard 4-cm midline incision. Assessment of adhesion formation was made at 1 week in ignorance of the treatment group. Noxythiolin 1 per cent was more effective than Ringer solution and noxythiolin 0.5 per cent in reducing the mean number of adhesions (P less than 0.05) but was inferior to povidone-iodine/PVP (P less than 0.05). Povidone-iodine/PVP solution significantly reduced the number of adhesions compared with the four other groups. In addition, it significantly reduced the mean length of attachment of each adhesion compared with the two control groups (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Congenital haemolytic anaemia resulting from glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency: genetics, clinical picture, and prenatal diagnosis.

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency with severe haemolysis and hydrops fetalis was found in the first child of unrelated, healthy Caucasian parents. The child died at 3 hours. Both parents were found to have 50% of normal red cell GPI activity and qualitative tests on their red cells and white cells showed that each was heterozygous for a different GPI variant allele associated with enzyme deficiency. Tests on the placenta showed that the propositus was a 'compound' heterozygote. Examination of amniotic cells obtained by amniocentesis on the mother at 28 weeks in her second pregnancy led to the prenatal diagnosis of GPI deficiency. This second child, a 'compound' heterozygote at the GPI locus indistinguishable from the first, was successfully treated by immediate exchange transfusion and subsequent blood transfusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prophylactic intraperitoneal povidone-iodine in alimentary tract surgery.

In controlled experiments intraperitoneal povidone-iodine significantly reduced the mortality of mice (p less than 0.01) and rats (p less than 0.01) with induced peritonitis. Povidone-iodine irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis did not interfere with healing or inhibit peritoneal adhesion formation. However, a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution containing increased PVP significantly reduced adhesion formation in a controlled study in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phenytoin on DNA synthesis by human bone marrow.

Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) when incubated with human marrow interfered with the synthesis of deoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) by those cells. This interference was dose related but was present at all concentrations, 25 microgram/ml to 100 microgram/ml. Cells unable to complete DNA synthesis would die in the marrow, lead to ineffective haemopoiesis and an increased folate requirement.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1978

Effect of noxythiolin on experimental peritonitis.

The intraperitoneal instillation of noxythiolin in the treatment of peritonitis is widespread in clinical practice despite contradictory evidence as to its efficacy. In this light the value of noxythiolin was reappraised by studying its effect in guinea-pigs and mice with induced bacterial peritonitis. Treatment with a 1% solution of noxythiolin reduced the mortality rate of mice by 14% (P less than 0.1). The guinea-pig model proved unreliable giving inconsistent mortality rates throughout. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose and concentration of noxythiolin while the search for more effective intraperitoneal antiseptics should continue.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on thymidine and deoxyribosenucleic acid synthesis by human marrow cells.

An abnormal deoxyuridine suppression test was found in treated epileptic patients that did not correlate with other evidence of abnormal folate metabolism. Diphenylhydantoin at a level of 100 microgram/ml interfered with the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. It is suggested that anticonvulsants may exert their effect at a stage of DNA synthesis beyond that at which folate coenzymes operate. Folate deficiency may then arise as a result of death of cells in vivo causing an increased folate requirement.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1977

A study of the effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing.

The effect of dry powder povidone-iodine (Disadine D.P.) on wound healing was assessed experimentally and clinically. It did not interfere with wound healing macroscopically, histologically or mechanically in Wistar rats. One hundred and one patients undergoing 'clean' elective surgery were included in the controlled clinical study and povidone-iodine did not affect wound healing in any way. In the control group 4% of patients developed infection compared with none of those sprayed with povidone-iodine. No adverse reaction to povidone-iodine was seen in either study. This antiseptic offers a safe alternative to antibiotics for use at operation whenever there is risk of wound infection from operative bacterial contamination.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Medical school admissions, specialty selection, and distribution of physicians.

This review of the University of Missouri-Columbia medical graduates, with similar data from two other studies, supports the thesis that hometown size and speciality choice are interrelated predictors of the community in which physicians practice. Physicians with nonmetropolitan backgrounds were two to three times as likely to select nonmetropolitan practice as physicians with urban backgrounds. Physicians entering family medicine were almost three times as likely to select nonmetropolitan practice as physicians in other primary-care specialities. Presence of both predictors (nonmetropolitan background and selection of family medicine) resulted in two thirds selecting nonmetropolitan practice. However, selection of family medicine by graduates with urban backgrounds or selection of other specialties by graduates with nonmetropolitan backgrounds did not appreciably increase the likelihood of nonmetropolitan practice. These data have implications for medical school admissions policy and curriculum.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1976

Noxytiolin and peritoneal adhesion formation.

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that intraperitoneal noxytiolin prevents adhesion formation. A reliable experimental animal model was therefore established and the effect of noxytiolin on adhesion formation was evaluated in a controlled trial using 80 rats. All 40 rats given Ringer solution developed adhesions, whereas in 7 out of 40 given noxytiolin no adhesions were found (P less than 0-02). Noxytiolin reduced both the total and the mean number of adhesions formed (P less than 0-2) and their mean length of attachment (P less than 0-05). The anti-adhesive effect of noxytiolin may be due to its anticoagulant, cytotoxic or antibacterial properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Absence of bacterial resistance to povidone iodine.

Povidone iodine is now being increasingly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. The possible habituation of bacteria to iodine was studied by serial passage of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains of Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella aerogenes, and one strain of Serratia marcescens in subinhibitory concentrations. After 20 passages, no significant change was observed in the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and killing times between parent strains and 20th subcultures under standardized conditions.

Bacteria↗