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Biomedical subjects

C Renner

Publications and source records attributed to C Renner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma in chronic pulmonary embolism: preoperative and postoperative CT findings.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, assessment of surgical operability, and follow-up after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with chronic thromboembolism were examined with CT; 63 underwent thromboendarterectomy, and postoperative CT scans were acquired in 23. CT scans were analyzed for vascular and parenchymal changes, and findings were compared with those on lung scintigrams and with surgical results. RESULTS: CT findings allowed confirmation of the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolism and ensured technical operability (sensitivity, 77%; specificity, 100%; overall accuracy, 80%) by means of direct visualization of thrombi in central pulmonary arteries in 53 patients. CONCLUSION: CT enables demonstration of pulmonary thromboembolism with criteria pertaining to pulmonary arteries and to lung parenchyma and enables assessment of technical operatibility and confirmation of surgical success.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Patients treated by a thoracic surgeon with HIV. A review.

Transmission of HIV from healthcare worker to patient has been documented in one report. Though the means of transmission in that case remains unknown, procedures that involve exposure to blood or mucous membranes are thought to carry an increased risk. Because of previous evidence of transmission of hepatitis B by cardiothoracic surgeons, they have been identified as a group known to perform exposure-prone invasive procedures with a risk of viral transmission. A retrospective review of 612 patients of a cardiothoracic surgeon who is HIV-positive was conducted in an attempt to identify any instance of viral transmission. A total of 189 patients received HIV testing and counseling. No positive test results were obtained.

Contact Tracing↗
PubMed1994

Mimicry of the Hodgkin-associated IRAC antigen by an anti-idiotype network: potential use in active immunotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The murine monoclonal antibody anti-IRac, defining a surface-antigen structure (MW 70 kDa) on Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg and interdigitating reticulum cells, was used to generate a cascade of anti-idiotypic antibodies as well as a cellular immunity against Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells in syngeneic BALB/c-mice. The anti-idiotypic antibody monoclonal antibody 4B4 demonstrated characteristics of an "internal image" or network antibody (Ab2 beta). Ab2 beta 4B4 bound specifically to anti-IRac and inhibited anti-IRac-binding to antigen-bearing cells effectively. 4B4 induced an IRac-specific humoral polyclonal immune response in BALB/c-mice and New Zealand white rabbits as judged by Flow cytometric and histochemical analysis. Moreover, BALB/c-mice immunized with 4B4 showed statistically significant (p > 0.01) delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against IRac-expressing Hodgkin cell-lines. Ab2 beta 4B4 induced in syngeneic BALB/c mice a monoclonal anti-anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab3) termed 3G10, which mimicked the specificities of Ab1 anti-IRac and thus confirms the internal image nature of Ab2 beta 4B4. The anti-idiotype-induced tumor cell specific T- and B-cell mediated immune response even across species barriers via the Hodgkin related IRac-antigen may play an important part in active specific immunotherapy of Hodgkin's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A CD16/CD30 bispecific monoclonal antibody induces lysis of Hodgkin's cells by unstimulated natural killer cells in vitro and in vivo.

In order to target NK cells against the Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, we developed bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-MAbs) by somatic hybridization of the 2 mouse hybridoma cell line HRS-3 and A9 which produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with reactivity against the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell-associated CD30 antigen and the CD16 antigen (Fc gamma III receptor), respectively. The CD16 MAb-producing cell line A9 was selected as a partner for HRS-3 because of its efficiency in inducing lysis of the A9 hybridoma cells by resting NK cells. The hybrid hybridoma cell line HRS-3/A9 produced the supernatant with the strongest bispecific reactivity and was repeatedly subcloned and used for ascites production. Crude supernatant and purified HRS-3/A9 Bi-MAb triggered specific lysis of the CD30+ Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, but not of the CD30- cell line HPB-ALL by unstimulated peripheral-blood lymphocytes and NK-cell-enriched populations. Moreover, treatment of SCID mice bearing heterotransplanted human Hodgkin's tumors with HRS-3/A9 and human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced specific complete tumor regression in 10/10 animals. We thus report successful tumor treatment in an in vivo model using NK-cell-associated Bi-MAbs and show that the Bi-MAb HRS-3/A9 is an efficient promoter of the anti-tumor effects of NK cells in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

CD30-antigen-specific targeting and activation of T cells via murine bispecific monoclonal antibodies against CD3 and CD28: potential use for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Cross-linking of specific tumor antigens with the T-cell-associated CD3 and CD28 antigens can increase IL-2 secretion, proliferation and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in resting T cells. This cross-linking can be achieved effectively by bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BiMAb) with specificity for both the tumor antigen and CD3 or CD28 antigen, respectively. To take advantage of the enhanced activation of CD3 pre-activated T cells by additional activation via the CD28 antigen, BiMAb OKT3/HRS-3 with reactivity to both CD3 and the Hodgkin's-lymphoma-associated CD30 antigen and the BiMAb 15E8/HRS-3 with reactivity to both CD28 and CD30 antigen were generated by hybridoma fusion. Resting T cells, represented by Jurkat cells (CD3+/CD28+) were specifically activated to produce IL-2 by co-cultivation with an EBV-transformed B-cell line (LAZ509, CD30+/CD19+) only in the presence of the CD30/CD28 cross-linking BiMAb and an additional cross-linking anti-CD3/CD19 BiMAb (OKT3/6A4). Neither the cross-linking BiMAbs alone nor any combination of the monospecific parental MAbs induced a comparable IL-2 production by Jurkat cells in the presence of LAZ509. In addition, using a combination of these BiMAbs, an antigen-dependent cytotoxicity was induced by targeting APC-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes to CD30+ L540 cells. T cells, previously specifically activated by CD3/CD30 in the presence of CD30 antigen, were cytotoxic to CD30+ cell lines only after incubation with BiMAb anti-CD28/CD30. Neither of the BiMAbs nor any of the parental antibodies induced a comparable effect. Our results indicate that such BiMAbs may offer a new approach for specific immunotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which takes advantage of cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity of activated T cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

CD30-specific AB1-AB2-AB3 internal image antibody network: potential use as anti-idiotype vaccine against Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The tumor-associated CD30 antigen is presently under study as a target for active specific immunotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma with anti-idiotypic antibodies. Internal image antibodies (Ab2 beta) 9G10 and 14G9 against the CD30-specific antibody HRS-4 (Ab1) have been described, which induce a CD30-specific T- and B-cell response in BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits. In extension of this work, murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic Ab2 beta 9G10, mimicking structures of the nominal CD30 antigen, was used to generate monoclonal Ab3 in mice and polyclonal Ab3 in rabbits with specificity for CD30. The Ab2 beta 9G10-specific murine monoclonal Ab3 4A4 bound specifically to the 120-kDa band of CD30 present on Hodgkin cell lines and Hodgkin tumor tissue, and effectively inhibited binding of Ab1 HRS-4 to Ab2 9G10 as well as to CD30+ cells. Monoclonal Ab3 4A4 was cytotoxic for CD30+ cell lines in vitro and effectively prevented the s.c. growth of L540 cell tumors after passive i.v. administration in a SCID mouse tumor model. While this cytotoxic effect of the IgM subclass monoclonal Ab3 4A4 was due to complement activation, the murine monoclonal Ab1 HRS-4 and a polyclonal Ab3 preparation of IgG-subclass from New Zealand white rabbits were cytotoxic by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated mechanism in vitro. In conclusion, Ab2 beta 9G10 is able to induce a CD30-specific cytotoxic IgG and IgM response. Cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by complement activation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo and across species barriers. Thus, the CD30-like Ab2 beta 9G10 may hold promise for effective active specific immunotherapy of human Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Anti-idiotype vaccine against Hodgkin's lymphoma: induction of B- and T-cell immunity across species barriers against CD30 antigen by murine monoclonal internal image antibodies.

Murine monoclonal antibody HRS-4 (Ab1), which defines the cell-bound and soluble CD30 antigen associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma, was used to generate monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Murine monoclonal Ab2 14G9 and Ab2 9G10 directed against HRS-4 were shown to be anti-idiotypic Ab2 beta carrying the internal image of the CD30 antigen. These antibodies bound specifically to HRS-4 and effectively inhibited binding of HRS-4 to a CD30 antigen preparation at concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml. KLH-coupled Ab2 beta 14G9 and 9G10 induced in BALB/c mice and New Zealand white rabbits a specific polyclonal humoral response against the 120 kDa band of the CD30 antigen. Moreover, BALB/c mice immunized i.p. with KLH-coupled 14G9 and 9G10 exhibited a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against CD30 expressing Hodgkin-derived L540-cells. We conclude from these data that Ab2 beta 14G9 and 9G10, mimicking structures of the nominal CD30 antigen, are capable of inducing a CD30-specific T-cell- and B-cell-mediated immune response in mice and even across species barriers in rabbits. These CD30 anti-id antibodies may hold promise for use as vaccines against CD30-antigen-expressing lymphomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Researching research: a method for promoting positive attitudes.

It is widely agreed that nursing research needs to be more effectively taught and that new strategies are needed to involve nurses more intently in the research process, both as students and professionals. Two areas that appear to be in particular need of attention are the utilization of research findings in nursing practice and the development of positive attitudes toward research. This article describes a strategy designed to help nursing students over two hurdles--their initial unfamiliarity with the process of finding, evaluating, and applying research and their inhibitions toward the process--by getting them involved in doing research on research and actually presenting and publishing their own findings.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of fish parasites. 3. Effects of levamisole HCl, metrifonate, fenbendazole, mebendazole, and ivermectin on Anguillicola crassus (nematodes) pathogenic in the air bladder of eels.

The effects of five nematocidal drugs (levamisole HCl, metrifonate, fenbendazole, mebendazole, and ivermectin) on the nematode Anguillicola crassus, pathogenic in eels and recently introduced in Europe, were tested under in vivo conditions. The resulting tissue alterations were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. It was found that levamisole and metrifonate were most effective in a freshwater bath (1 mg/l) for 24 h. The 50% lethal dose of levamisole was 250 mg/l per 24 hours, whereas that of metrifonate was only 10 mg/l per 2 hours. Morphological studies of the nematodes showed that there was no drug-specific reaction. In general, the hypodermis, the cytoplasmic portions of the muscle cells, and the intestinal wall were most intensively damaged, leading to an irreversible vacuolation and finally to death.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1980

[Ticlopidine in heart surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass (author's transl)].

An interesting potential use of platelet aggregation inhibitors lies in the prevention of the thrombotic process originating in the oxygenator of the cardiopulmonary by-pass apparatus used in cardiac surgery. A 5-day course of ticlopidine HCl immediately before surgery results in a significant reduction in the thrombopenia usually observed and attributed to platelet aggregation and adhesion to the apparatus. Biological investigations have failed to show interference of the drug with coagulation factors, and no unwanted effect on per and post-operative bleeding was observed. Cardiopulmonary by-pass appeared in this study as an excellent model to test the clinical effectiveness of anti-aggregation compounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Platelet kinetics during arterial diseases. Macro-angiopathy, cardiac valve prosthesis and prosthesis of the aortic bifurcation: 73 cases (author's transl)].

From 73 platelet kinetic studies in vascular diseases, some conclusions can be drawn: excessive platelet consumption is not as usual as previously published; abnormal platelet recovery is an usual feature in patients with vascular or valvular prosthesis; correlation between platelet kinetic abnormalities and thrombo-embolic complications needs reevaluation; constant abnormal platelet kinetics in the cases of aorto-femoral graft made these cases a valuable model for the clinical and biological evaluation of the drugs committed to a change of the platelet functions.

Adult↗