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Biomedical subjects

C Riley

Publications and source records attributed to C Riley.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Examples of complementary roles of abdominal CT and radiocolloid liver imaging.

Two cases are reported in which well-defined lesions of the liver were seen in radiocolloid liver imagings but not in the concurrent abdominal CT images. The results of autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatoma in one and metastatic disease in the other. The third case, referred for a Tc-99m SC liver-spleen image because of a suboptimal abdominal CT owing to artifact, showed a normal liver. In certain clinical situations, radiocolloid imaging provides a complementary role to CT in the detection or confirmation of hepatic lesions and, in occasional patients, is superior to CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Nursing students' stereotypes of married and unmarried pregnant clients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information about a pregnant client's marital status on nursing students' initial perceptions of the client, attributions of group stereotypes to the client, predictions of client behavior, data sought, and verbal responses toward the client. Forty-three undergraduate nursing students from a large Midwestern university volunteered to participate. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups, the "married client" or "unmarried client." Subjects viewed a videotape of a nurse interviewing a pregnant client and were administered a series of questionnaires. Following this, they were asked to respond in writing to five statements made by the videotaped client. Videotapes were identical except that one group was told they were viewing an unmarried woman and the other group was told the client was married. Results indicated that students evaluated the married client more positively than the unmarried client. Students' perceptions were consistent with several cultural stereotypes. In addition, students predicted that, if hospitalized, the unmarried client would have greater difficulty than the married client. There were no differences between groups in the information they would seek from the client or in responses towards the client.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intense bone imaging agent uptake in the soft tissues of the lower legs and feet relating to ischemia and cold exposure.

We present a patient with diffuse and intense uptake in the soft tissues of both lower legs and feet seen on 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy. This finding presumably resulted from compromised blood supply to the lower legs plus a cold environment. The extraosseous bone imaging agent localization was presumably related to an existing ischemic condition that was exacerbated by cold. Differential diagnosis of the scan pattern should be differentiated from the artifact of socks contaminated by radioactive urine.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Paget's disease mimicing skeletal metastases in a patient with coexisting prostatic carcinoma.

We present a 93-year-old man with prostatic carcinoma whose 99mTc-HMDP skeletal images showed multiple areas of abnormally increased radioactivity in the bone and virtual absence of renal activity. These findings were interpreted as representing multiple skeletal metastases. When correlated with concurrent radiographs, the abnormalities were found to be due to Paget's disease. Multiple areas of bone involvement are not rare in Paget's disease. We reemphasize that an abnormal bone scintigram should always be correlated with regional radiographs to rule out conditions other than malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees.

This report describes a one-year experience with a new program of group therapy for Southeast Asians who were treated in a psychiatric program for Indochinese refugees. Cultural factors involving communication styles, respect for authority, and traditional social relationships greatly influence the group process. Socialization experiences which encouraged traditional activities and practical information were the most acceptable medium by all the groups. Psychological issues of losses, cultural conflicts, and persistent discussion of somatic symptoms were voiced throughout the activities. Formal group psychotherapy was periodically useful in some groups. Flexibility, meeting concrete needs, keeping a bicultural focus, and maintaining the individual therapy sessions contributed to the acceptance by the patient.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

Detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus by a rapid fluorescence-labelled immunosorbent assay.

The development and assessment of a fluorescence-labelled immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus is described. Test serum is incubated in microtitre wells on which antigens have been coated. If present in the test serum, antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus bind to the solid-phase antigens. In turn the antibodies are quantified with anti-human immunoglobulin labelled with fluorescein. Positive samples produce an intense fluorescence which is measured in a spectrofluorimeter. When used to test a panel consisting of normal serum and antibody-positive serum from infected patients the assay proved to be 100% specific and to have a sensitivity of 100%. The assay has many of the advantages of micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, but does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the use of an enzyme label. It requires fewer manipulations and is quicker to carry out than an equivalent enzyme-linked test.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1984

Direct determination of calcium and magnesium in serum using flow-injection analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy.

The use of flow-injection analysis for the direct determination of calcium and magnesium in blood serum and plasma is described. An inexpensive rotary valve is used to inject the serum sample (4 microliters) into a flowing non-segmented stream of reagent which carries the sample slug through a long narrow-bore coil--where it gradually disperses--and into the nebuliser of an atomic absorption spectrometer. This on-stream sample dilution removes the need for predilution of the sample. The resulting absorbance signals are recorded as peaks less than 40 seconds after sample injection. Analytical recoveries and precision are good for both elements and the results by flow-injection analysis compare well with established routine methods.

Calcium↗
PubMed1984

Homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay using Lucifer yellow VS: determination of albumin plasma.

Non-separation fluoroimmunoassays are well suited to automation. The potential sensitivity of such assays has not been realised because the most commonly used label (fluorescein) has absorption and emission spectra which coincide with those of blood constituents and because it has a very small Stokes shift. Lucifer yellow VS has a larger Stokes shift than fluorescein and an emission maximum at longer wavelength. We describe an energy transfer fluoroimmunoassay for plasma albumin in which Lucifer yellow VS is used to label albumin and rhodamine B isothiocyanate is used to label anti-albumin antibodies. The assay shows good correlation with a dye-binding method for albumin and has sensitivity and precision which compare favourably with similar assays using a fluorescein label.

Energy Transfer↗
PubMed1984

The design of automated analysis machines.

Since the introduction of the first automatic chemical analysis machine 25 years ago, development has progressed rapidly and a wide range of machines are now available. The original machines were constrained by the available analytical techniques, but later developments in methodology have permitted much more latitude. There are four main groups of machines and these differ markedly in operating principles. In addition there are many unclassifiable devices which have been developed for special purposes. The principles underlying the design of the machines are discussed, and as far as possible an account is given of the steps in development which led to their modern form. The principles of fluid flow, which govern the operation of many of these machines, are considered in some detail. Proposals are made regarding the areas in which new development is possible and desirable in the hope of encouraging further work in this field.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1983

Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity determination by flow-injection analysis with atomic absorption detection.

The deproteinised sample (150 microliters) is 'injected' into a continuously flowing stream of deionised water which is pumped, via a capillary tube, to the nebuliser of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analytical readout is obtained, in the form of transient peaks, 6 s after sample injection. Before injection traces of haemoglobin are removed from the serum by treatment with trichloroacetic acid-ascorbate solution. This protein precipitant facilitates rapid removal of haemoglobin bound iron without the need for heating. After centrifugation the supernatant solution is introduced into the flowing stream by use of a novel inexpensive 'injector'. Analytical recovery and precision are good, and results compare well with those obtained by a standard AutoAnalyzer procedure.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

Use of Lucifer yellow VS as a label in fluorescent immunoassays illustrated by the determination of albumin in serum.

The use of a new label for fluoroimmunoassay is described. Lucifer yellow VS is a highly fluorescent vinyl sulphone dye which, under mild conditions, forms covalent bonds with amino and sulphydryl groups but is extremely stable in water. A large Stokes shift (110 nm) and an emission maximum at 540 nm give Lucifer yellow further advantages over the more commonly used labels. The use of the dye as a label has been demonstrated by developing a heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay for human serum albumin. The fluoroimmunoassay gave comparable results to those obtained using a less specific colorimetric dye-binding assay (r = 0.97, n = 20). The advantages, limitations, and other potential uses of Lucifer yellow are discussed.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1983

Controlled dispersion analysis: flow-injection analysis without injection.

Flow-injection analysis is a precise, elegant, and economical technique, but its most troublesome feature is the mode of injection of the sample slug. We describe an alternative approach in which the sample is aspirated by the sample probe. In the simplest version the probe normally rests in reagent; when sampling is to take place, the pump is stopped and the probe is transferred to the sample container. The pump makes a predetermined angular movement, the probe is returned to reagent, and the pump is restarted. In more advanced versions the same approach is combined with the merging zone technique. The system is economical, precise, and capable of full automation in a multichannel discretionary analyzer.

Autoanalysis↗