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C Ripert

Publications and source records attributed to C Ripert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Detection with a monoclonal antibody of an antigen, characteristic of the genus Schistosoma, excreted in the urine.

In the host, the antigen excreted by schistosomes in the circulating blood is concentrated in the urine. A mouse monoclonal antibody of the IgM class type lambda, directed against an epitope of the intestinal epithelium of the adult worm, is obtained. The antigen found in the urine of the host as well as the monoclonal antibody has been previously characterized. It is of a polysaccharidic nature, is thermostable and specific for the genus Schistosoma. The antigen is found at all stages of the life cycle and, particularly, in the egg where it is found in large amounts. Detection of the antigen is by means of inhibition of the passive haemagglutination test. There is a fundamental advantage in detecting the metabolic antigen excreted by schistosomes instead of looking for circulating antibodies. The antigen is directly released by the parasite itself, antibodies being, by contrast, produced by the host, indirectly therefore, and in a way that varies from one individual to the next. Collecting urine specimens is, for field workers, easier than obtaining blood from the inhabitants. The detection of the antigen in the urine is made a rather simple procedure since the antigen is concentrated by the kidney and free in urine, instead of remaining conjugated with antibodies like it is in the blood. When used in the Cameroon for the study of prevalence in two foci of schistosomiasis, intestinal (Nalassi Emana) and urinary (Barombi Kotto), the test detecting the antigen in urine gives good correlations with the parasitological examinations looking for eggs of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in feces and urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiologic and radiologic study of urinary bilharziosis in a focus at the Barombi Lakes (Mémé Department), Cameroon].

A recent epidemiological and radiological study of urinary schistosomiasis in the Barombi lake foci (South West Cameroon) shows that the intensity of the disease is very high, 76% and 50% in Barombi Kotto and Barombi Mbo respectively, when compared to the level observed by DUKE and MOORE during a five year control period, from 1970 to 1975, respectively 6.9% and 2.4% in Barombi Kotto and Barombi Mbo. The endemicity is not influenced by age or sex. On the average, the parasitic load is highest in the 5-15 years age group. Bulinus camerunensis and B. rohlfsi are the known intermediary hosts of this parasite, with an infection rate of 17.2%. B. camerunensis is the most abundant species, but B. rohlfsi is the frequently infected. The bilharzia patient had very important and very frequent lesions of the urinary system. A normal X-ray shows calcifications localised on the ureter and more often on the bladder. The frequency of these calcifications increases with age. The intravenous pyelography (IVP) shows functional (delay in secretion observed in 47% of cases) and morphological lesions (87% of the patients). Morphologically, the bladder present irregularities of the contours and the mucosa. Irregular contours of the ureters with strictures, including dilation and stenosis, are observed. On the kidney, dilated calyces (hydronephrosis due to obstruction on lower side) are evident. There does not seem to be any relation between the number of eggs discharged by the patient and the importance or frequency of lesions observed in a normal X-ray or IVP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Value of exchange transfusion in the treatment of severe malaria (apropos of 5 cases)].

Five imported falciparum malaria cases with severe evolution are reported. Treatment associated a blood exchange transfusion and an antimalaria chemotherapy (mefloquine in three patients and quinine in two patients). All patients were successfully cured despite of serious visceral complications occurring in two patients (pulmonary and cerebral oedema). Technical management of treatment is detailed. Exchange transfusion should be considered in falciparum malaria when parasitaemia overcomes 20% and when serious visceral impairment, hemolysis or consumption coagulopathy are occurring.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Protective effect of trehalose dimycolate in infestation of mice by Trypanosoma musculi].

Trehalose dimycolate (TDM) treated and untreated mice were infected with Trypanosoma musculi. Compared to untreated mice, treated mice exhibited a five fold reduced number of circulating parasites. Untreated infected mice had a splenomegaly but only a slight increase of spleen weight of treated mice was observed. The role of trehalose dimycolate on T. musculi infection, especially via the macrophage is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A fatal case of chloroquine-resistant neuromalaria in a traveller to Cameroon].

A death from chloroquinoresistant falciparum malaria contracted by a traveller under chloroquine chemoprophylaxis during a stay in the Cameroon provides the authors with an opportunity to analyze the extension of chloroquinoresistance in Africa. Having appeared there about 10 years ago, it remained for a long time localized in East Africa. In recent years, it has moved West. Today, 17 countries located from the North to the South between Sudan and Mozambique, and from East to West between Kenya and the Cameroon are affected, as are the Malagasy Republic, the Comores and Zanzibar. The strains resistant to chloroquine are still sensitive to amodiaquine. In certain regions which are widespread in the continent, resistance to pyrimethamine has become evident in the last 30 years; resistance to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine-dapsone has appeared in the last 3 years in East Africa. In the light of the complexity of the problem of malaria chemoprophylaxis, the authors emphasize the necessity of resensitizing the public at large with respect to personal protection against biting anopheline mosquitos, especially during the hours of darkness. The medical profession should equally be made aware of these new problems. Three types of chemoprophylaxis in relation to the areas visited are proposed: the first for West Africa; the second for Central Africa, neighbouring regions and the Malagasy Republic and the Comores; the third for the 3 East Africa countries the most affected, which are Kenya, Burundi and Tanzania.

Africa↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiology of filariasis (onchocerciasis and bancroftosis) in the Tala-Mokolo region (Mandara Mountains of North Cameroon)].

The effect of the bancroftian filariasis on the health of the inhabitants are minimal in the study area, where the prevalence of the disease (nocturnal microfilaremia) is 0.4% only. But skin snips harboring Onchocerca microfilariae are seen in 12.1% of the sample studied. Onchocerciasis skin lesions, low visual acuity and blindness are often seen in the villages where the prevalence is high, among inhabitants more than 40 years of age. Simulium damnosum is seldom seen in the area, except in the large streams and rivers like the mayo Tsanaga and the mayo Djingliya. Larvae and nymphae of this species hardly succeed in developing on the overspelling of the small dams, this being due more to a discontinuous run of the water in the overspilling than to a to high speed of the water.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of the clinical, parasitological and immunological indices of malaria in the Bonny's Bay area of Central Africa].

The authors report the results of 4 sample surveys carried out in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon in the Bonny's Bay area, to evaluate the main malarial indexes. In rural and semi-rural areas one notice a high rate of fever attacks and splenomegaly. Parasitaemia is more important in rural areas than in urban areas and is decreasing where the therapeutic pressure is strong and long-lasting. Immunological indexes are high everywhere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Immunofluorescence test of antibodies directed against antigens of the intestinal epithelium of Schistosoma mansoni. II. In the bilharziasis patient].

Specific IgM antibodies to antigens present in the epithelial cells of the gut of adult S. mansoni were measured in 2 230 persons living in areas of different levels of endemicity. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of IgM antibodies in the infected patients of the compared bilharziasis foci: lower prevalences were found in high endemic foci, involving the possibility of a tolerance phenomenon.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic study of malaria in the rice-growing regions of Yagoua and Maga (North Cameroon)].

The results of the malaria investigation carried out in April 1981 in the irrigated regions of the Logone Valley show that Plasmodium falciparum is the only species o. the genus Plasmodium to be found there. In terms of parasitaemia in blood, the prevalence of malaria is highest in the 5 to 9 year-old age group, whereas fluorescent antibodies are to be found progressively greater quantities as subjects grow older. From the age of 40, 95% of the inhabitants of the region present circulating antibodies in the blood. Plasmodial index of children from 2 to 9 years of age is equal to only 8.5% at the end of the dry season, whereas the spleen index, which is 34.8%, would suggest that malaria is meso-endemic in the region. With regard to the different sites studied, there is no significant difference in the values of the spleen or plasmodial indexes, either next to, or away from surface water. The malaria death rate is highest during the rainy months of August, September and October. The significant rise in the death rate during March corresponds to the concomitant rise in temperature. Entomological studies performed on the species of anophelines resting in the houses, which are gathered in the morning after a pulverization of insecticide, reveal that the dominant anopheline species in June is Anopheles gambiae, a species which, in the rainy season, abounds at water sites which are frequently temporary. On the other hand, in April, the dominant species is Anopheles funestus, which it would seem, develops easily during the dry season in those waterbodies which are artificially maintained all year round in the irrigated areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiologic study of intestinal helminthiasis in the valley of the Guerléo River (North Cameroon)].

Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis: 999 stool specimens are examined in 9 villages located in the valley of the Guerleo River. In this sample eggs of N. americanus are seen in 20.4% of the specimens, eggs of S. mansoni in 2.6%, T. trichiura in 2.0%, T. saginata in 1.4%, A. lumbricoides in 1.1% and H. nana in 0.6%. The prevalence of bilharziasis measured by means of the hemagglutination test using a S. mansoni antigen is 28.5% in the villages. It should be noticed that urinary bilharziasis too is frequently seen in the area. In the village of Madalam , where intestinal bilharziasis as the highest prevalence, B. pfeifferi are numerous in the Guerleo River close to the village.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Epidemiological study of foci of S. intercalatum schistosomiasis in Eseka and Edea (Cameroon). Effects of treatment with praziquantel].

In Eseka and Edea bilharziasis caused by S. intercalatum is transmitted by B. forskali, the only intermediate host of human schistosomes found in the area. The prevalence of the disease is obtained by calculating the percentage of inhabitants voiding eggs in their stools in the districts of the towns located in the neighbourhood of Bulinus-containing streams and ponds. The prevalence is low, 5,6% in Eseka and 4,9% in Edea. The size and the number of waterbodies where transmission occurs is small. Rectoscopy showed that rectal and sigmoid lesions are frequently seen. Clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysentery, tenesmus, appearance of blood in the stools. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly occur sometimes. A single dose of 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) is effective in the treatment of the disease.

Cameroon↗
PubMed1981

[Sensitivity of a strain of Schistosoma intercalatum from Loum (Cameroon) and is natural hybrid to treatment with praziquantel. Preliminary results].

At Loum, S. intercalatum infection still occurs in its pure form. The infection, however, is regressing while S. haematobium and hybrid forms between the two species are developing. A single oral dose of 2-cyclo-hexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-o ne(praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide), 40 mg/kg body weight, is a very effective treatment of the disease. Forty days after treatment eggs no longer occurred in the faeces of ten children voiding S. intercalatum eggs in their stools before they were cured. Five children voiding hybrid bilharzia eggs in their urine were no longer passing eggs after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[An epidemiological study of human filariasis : loaiasis, dipetalonemiasis, tetrapetalonemiasis, in Douala fisherman of the river Wouri estuary (Cameroon) (author's transl)].

The aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of loaiasis, dipetalonemiasis, tetrapetalonemiasis, with particular emphasis on T. streptocerca infection. Eight small villages located close to Douala in the mangrove area of the Wouri estuary are visited and 788 dermic scarification prints stained with Böhmer hematoxylin are examined. Microfilariae belonging to the species L. loa are found in 11,2 p. 100 of the prints, D. perstans mirofilariae are found in 23,2 p. 100 and T. streptocerca in 6,9 p. 100. The prevalence of filariasis and the parasitic load are higher in male than in female. The older the inhabitants are, the more heavily infected they are found. Except for pruritus and craw-craw associating a filarial infection with characteristic symptoms seems to be difficult in this study.

Cameroon↗
PubMed1978

[An epidemiological study of foci of S. mansoni bilharziosis in Minkana and Nalassi (Lekie Division, Cameroun) (author's transl)].

The epidemiological survey involved the examination of the total population of the two villages as well as the investigation of the freshwater snails in the neigbouring waters bodies. Biomphalaria camerunensis and Biomphalaria pfeifferi were found to be the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. The cassage of eggs in the stools was more frequently observed in two groups, those aged 10-19 years and in the elderly women. The study of the prevalence of the disease by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique on frozen sections of S. mansoni revealed that already in childhood the percentage of subjects with circulating antibodies is high. This percentage remains elevated in subsequent age groups. The geometrical mean reciprocal titers show an age and sex pattern similar to that found for prevalence. Both the percentage of positive indirect immunofluorescence tests and their respective titers were higher in patients with eggs in their stools. The immunological reaction using homologous S. mansoni antigen is more sensitive than that with heterologous S. haematobium antigen.

Adolescent↗