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Biomedical subjects

C Rist

Publications and source records attributed to C Rist.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Evaluating multislice computed tomography for imaging coronary atherosclerosis].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) for the assessment of atherosclerotic coronary artery vessel wall changes. METHODS: In an ex vivo study, 17 human hearts were scanned with MDCT and results were compared to histopathology. Morphologic imaging criteria of MDCT for various plaque-types were developed. In a following in vivo study, 94 coronary MDCT angiograms (MDCTA) of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were reviewed retrospectively, assessing the diagnostic value of the coronary MDCTA, and determining the number and correlations of the various plaques types as described in the ex vivo study. Additionally, volumetry of calcified and noncalcified plaque components was performed. RESULTS: In the ex vivo study, MDCT showed a high sensitivity for calcified and non-calcified plaques. Comparing the results with histopathology, characteristic image criteria could be determined for lipid-rich, fibrous and calcified plaque components. Reviewing the contrastenhanced in-vivo MDCT coronary angiographies, presence of noncalcified plaques was proven in 38% of the patients. In 5 patients with a calcium score of 0, presence of coronary atherosclerosis was proven in the contrastenhanced scan. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT is able to differentiate various plaque components in an ex vivo setting as well as invivo. Contrastenhanced MDCT of the coronary arteries allows for the detection of noncalcified plaques. In vivo volumetry of noncalcified plaques is feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Indications for multislice CT angiography of coronary arteries].

INTRODUCTION: The newest generation of 16-detector-row CT allows displaying the anatomy and assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) when slow regular sinus rhythm is present. METHODS: For morphological assessment of cardiac structures by using Multi-detector row CT a dedicated scan protocol is obligatory. The indication for coronary CT angiography (CTA) is currently under investigation by several study groups. RESULTS: Because of the limited spatial and temporal resolution and coronary calcium artefacts, it is not possible with multislice CT angiography to assess coronary arteries in patients with established coronary artery disease. The anatomy of the coronary arteries can well be displayed with this technique. CONCLUSION: The high negative predictive value of coronary CTA may justify the investigation of symptomatic patients with intermediate pretest probability of CAD. Moreover coronary CTA is suitable for patients for displaying the origin and course of abnormal coronary arteries.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2004

[ECG-gated bypass CT angiography--application in imaging arterial bypasses].

Nowadays coronary artery bypass grafting is increasingly performed using arterial grafts. Purpose of the study was the evaluation of a appropriate 16 detector-row CT angiography protocol in patients after predominantly arterial bypass grafting. Fourteen patients after bypass grafting were including into the study and CT angiography carried out in the early postoperative period using a 16 detector-row CT system. To reduce cardiac pulsation artifacts data acquisition was implemented using ECG-gating algorithms. Overall 43 grafts (37 arterial, 6 venous) were examined. In 13 patients surgery had been performed using composite grafts with T or TY configuration. The mean heart rate was 74.1 bpm and showed a negative correlation to the image quality (r=-0.65; p=0.01). However, all data sets were diagnostic. Contrast injection protocol allowed for a homogeneous opacification throughout the vessels of interest. All non-delineationable grafts (5) showed a close proximity to the heart (T or Y grafts). Cardiac surgery is increasingly focusing on arterial revascularisation in bypass grafting and therefore leading to new demands for non-invasive bypass graft imaging. 16 detector-row CT allows a reliable visualization of even composite arterial grafts. However, for detection of grafts in the proximity of the heart a reduction of the heart rate (<65-70) still seems to be necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis.

Infiltration of monocytes into the arterial wall is an early cellular event in atherogenesis. Recent evidence shows that C-reactive protein (CRP) is deposited in the arterial intima at sites of atherogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that CRP deposition precedes the appearance of monocytes in early atherosclerotic lesions. CRP is chemotactic for freshly isolated human blood monocytes. A specific CRP receptor is demonstrated on monocytes in vitro as well as in vivo, and blockage of the receptor by use of a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody completely abolishes CRP-induced chemotaxis. CRP may play a major role in the recruitment of monocytes during atherogenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Continuous intravenous infusion of high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 for acute myeloid leukaemia--a phase II study.

A group of 13 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia of differing disease status were treated with continuous intravenous infusion of high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). There was up-regulation of the cellular cytotoxic functions in all these patients following the rIL-2 therapy, with increase in the natural killer (NK) activity, lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, induction of cytotoxicity-linked cytoplasmic serine esterase and lymphocyte activation. However, the clinical response to rIL-2 in these patients was disappointing, especially in patients treated in frank relapse. Although 1 patient treated in early second relapse achieved a third complete remission, the duration of the remission was brief and lasted only 6 months. Adverse reactions among these patients were common. Whether or not lymphokine-activated killer cells are needed to improve the response rate over rIL-2 alone in these patients deserves further investigation.

Adult↗