[Bathing and care of the newborn infant].
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Baths↗
Biomedical subjects
C Rollet
Publications and source records attributed to C Rollet.
[The debut of neonatal medicine in the XIX century].
This article presents the birth of neonatal medicine during the XIXth century. A first generation of physicians, marked by clinic, observes the newborns and proposes some neonatal cares which innovate. But it is for essential from the 1880's, around the generation of Pastorians formed in the "Ecole de la Maternité" of Paris (Tarnier) that a coherent procedure of neonatal cares is developed, with fight against infections, watching of feeding methods and warming up with incubators. The technical improvements allowed to solve some problems but the question of infection obstructed to go farer.
History, 19th Century↗
Responding to distrust of the medical system.
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Black or African American↗
[Child mortality in the past: beyond appearances].
The purpose of the article is to give a short synthesis of the communications gathered in this volume dedicated to the topic of child mortality. It starts with the evocation of some key issues about sources and methods: the study of mortality before 5 years appears more difficult than expected. The trend of the decrease, more and more clear, though unlinear, suggests that climate, beyond environmental and socio-economic factors, may have been an underestimated factor so far. The analysis of causes refers to the concept of synergy, several factors acting simultaneously to reinforce the previous trends, either of decrease or increase of death risks.
Child, Preschool↗
[State influence on the health of the child].
"This article follows the major historical steps with respect to the protection of the child aged less than three years in France and in Canada over the course of a century. Analysis focuses first on the motives behind increased intervention by political leaders on behalf of the child; next on the protection of the welfare of the mother and child; and finally on the evolution of demographic characteristics, in relation with processes of social and geographic differentiation. A remarkable convergence is observed between the two countries, despite veritable differences in political pressures and actions, traceable back to certain common structural traits, and linked with emerging patterns of international exchanges favouring the modelling of a new culture regarding childhood." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
Americas↗
The beta-blocker acebutolol down modulates the spontaneous polyclonal activation of lymphocytes in NZB X NZW lupus mice.
Acebutolol is a beta blocking agent that induces in C57Bl/6 mice a polyclonal activation of lymphocytes (PAL). In this study, its effect on cellular parameters of spontaneous PAL and lupus disease in NZB x NZW female mice is investigated. A significant reduction of PAL is found in 10-week-old mice after only five injections of 50 mg/kg/day of acebutolol. This effect is also observed in 7- and 9-month-old mice after 12 weeks of treatment. In these chronically treated mice, a significant decrease in incidence and levels of proteinuria as compared with untreated mice is found. No statistically significant increase in survival is observed. In conclusion, acebutolol down modulates the spontaneous PAL which characterizes the NZB x NZW mouse lupus disease and might prevent to some extent the development of nephritis.
Acebutolol↗
Induction of thymic lymphosarcomas in C57BL/6 mice after inoculation of weakly oncogenic viruses associated with a sub-leukemogenic radiation exposure (1.75 Gy x 2).
B-ecotropic retroviruses arise frequently in old or irradiated C57BL/6 mice as a consequence of a genetic recombination between endogenous eco- and xenotropic retroviruses. They are weakly oncogenic and express a very low tropism for thymic cells. However, their activation by X-rays and the subsequent insertion of new proviral sequences in the cell genome of in vivo- and in vitro-passaged tumors suggest that they might play a role in radioleukemogenesis. To study this possibility, a cloned B-ecotropic virus (1223) was injected into C57BL/6 mice subjected to a subleukemogenenic irradiation which induces only 7% of thymic lymphosarcomas (TL). When it was injected prior to or after irradiation, 1223 induced respectively 31% and 19% of TL. The incidence of TL in the different groups closely correlated with virus expression in hematopoietic tissues during the preleukemic period. Thus, irradiation seems to amplify bone marrow (BM) and thymic cell population(s) which play a decisive role in viral expression. A recombinant provirus (presumably the injected 1223) was detected in the genomic DNA of all tumors tested irrespective of the inductive protocol. BM restoration, which does not inhibit TL produced by highly oncogenic passaged viruses, but prevents the development of TL induced by 4 doses of 1.75 Gy, also provided strong protection in the present experiments. The present data support the hypothesis whereby weakly oncogenic B-ecotropic viruses similar to those activated by radiation might be involved in the development of TL.
Animals↗
Thymic lymphosarcomas obtained by X-rays in association with a weakly leukemogenic virus: cellular studies.
The association in C57BL/6 mice of a subleukemogenic radiation dose (1.75 Gy X 2) which induces 7% of thymic lymphosarcomas (TL) with the injection of a weakly oncogenic B-tropic retrovirus responsible for 5% of TL resulted in a higher incidence of TL (31%) than expected from a simple cumulative effect when the viral injection preceded the irradiations (VX protocol). When virus was injected after irradiation (XV protocol) TL incidence (19%) was not significantly different from that of a cumulative phenomenon. The B-tropic virus used (1223) was isolated from RadLV-Rs extract and cloned. The TL incidence correlates with the presence of virus firstly in the thymus and bone marrow (BM) during the preleukemic period, secondly in the cell lines established in vitro from TL obtained in both protocols. This suggests that B-tropic viruses derepressed by 4 radiation doses of 1.75 Gy might be similarly implicated in the mechanism of radio-induced TL. This hypothesis is further supported by the evidence that BM restoration inhibited leukemogenesis in processes induced either by 4 radiation doses of 1.75 Gy or by the association of 2 radiation doses and viral injection whereas it has no effect on TL induced by highly oncogenic thymotropic viruses. Transplantation of BM cells from animals which had been submitted shortly before to leukemogenic VX protocol failed to induce donor type TL or leukemias in irradiated recipients suggesting that preleukemic cells either are not present or cannot be detected. However a high incidence of recipient TL was observed indicating that viruses were transferred with the grafted cells.
Animals↗
[Effect of methotrexate on glycolysis of leukemia L 1210 cells cultivated in vitro].
Methotrexate, at non lethal doses, alters the glycolysis of leukaemic L 1210 cells. Glucose uptake and lactate excretion are increased but lactate/glucose ratio remains constant. The activity of glycolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm is increased and the level of intracellular ATP is greatly enhanced.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
[Infant mortality in France in the nineteenth century: importance of the type of nutrition].
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Demography↗
[Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in human serum].
The study of isoenzymes is often of great interest in clinical biology however, as far as alkaline phosphatase is concerned, no simple method is available to evaluate the forms of bony, intestinal, hepatic or placental origin. In most cases, it is necessary to combine several technic: electrophoresis, denaturation by heat, urea or phenyl alanine. This already complex analytical problem is rendered still more difficult by the choice of reference isoenzyme to be used calibration of the technic. The interest of this determination, especially in the field of oncology and pediatrics, should however encourage the biologist to pursue this route.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
[Clinical and microscopic study of the inhibition of spermatic fertilizing power by 799 R. Trial of contraception in 114 cases].
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Alkaloids↗