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Biomedical subjects

C Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to C Rosenthal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Hemispheric asymmetries in spontaneous firing characteristics of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons following a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the rat nigrostriatal pathway.

Single unit activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) neurons was recorded bilaterally in rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending mesostriatal dopaminergic pathway, resulting in an almost complete loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ipsilateral SN pars compacta. Firing rate and firing pattern of SNR neurons in lesioned rats were compared with respective data from sham-lesioned rats and naive controls. In lesioned rats, the mean firing rate of SNR neurons at the lesioned side was significantly reduced and there was an increase in the occurrence of bursting activity. In contrast, firing rate in the contralateral SNR was significantly increased without change in the frequency of bursting neurons. This asymmetrical change in spontaneous firing characteristics of SNR neurons following the lesion could be involved in the complex behavioral changes seen in this model of Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Behavioral and neurochemical dysfunction in the circling (ci) rat: a novel genetic animal model of a movement disorder.

One of the crucial breakthroughs in research on parkinsonism was the observation of circling behaviour in rodents after unilateral intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. This Ungerstedt model remains one of the basic animal models of Parkinson's disease. We report here the first mutant rat strain with abnormal circling behaviour and several other features reminiscent of the Ungerstedt Parkinson model. The neurological disorder in the novel mutant rat strain is determined monogenetically by a recessive autosomal gene termed circling (ci). Mutant rats of both genders exhibit an intense asymmetric circling in an open-field or rotometer, which is enhanced by treatment with amphetamine. Neurochemical determinations show that mutants of both genders have significantly lower concentrations of dopamine and dopamine metabolites in the striatum ipsilateral to the preferred direction of rotation. Furthermore, in a forelimb-reaching test for assessing the skilled motor capacities of rats, ci rats show a marked deficit on the side contralateral to the preferred direction of turning, which is analogous to motor deficits previously described for rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. The new mutant rat strain thus exhibits remarkable similarities to the Ungerstedt model and could be used to study the endogenous processes, particularly the genetic components, that might eventually lead to progressive motor dysfunctions.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1996

A history of miscarriages and mild prognathism as possible mode of presentation of mosaic trisomy 18 in women.

A 22-year-old woman seeking medical assistance for hypofertility after two miscarriages had very slight anomalies: mild macrogenia and prognathism, and temporal depilation. Peripheral lymphocytes and fibroblastic karyotypes disclosed the tenth published case of low-level mosaicism for trisomy 18 with normal intelligence. Subfertility is frequently observed among these patients. As women with this anomaly are at risk of trisomy 18 pregnancies and as five cases have been reported recently, this particular chromosomal anomaly may not be so exceptional and should be investigated in cases of hypofertility.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1995

[Penis carcinoma in a young chimney sweep. Case report 200 years following the description of the first occupational disease].

We report on a 32-year-old patient who, following exposure to soot over a total of 78 weeks as a professional chimney sweep, developed squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Since the epoch-making description of occupational cancer of the scrotum by Percivall Pott in 1775, soot-related cancer of the scrotum and penis has become anecdotal. As our patient presented with inguinal lymph node metastases, a wide circumcision was performed, followed by preoperative chemotherapy and bilaterial lymphadenectomy. The patient has been free of disease for over 9 years with no functional loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of aging and duration of disability on long term health outcomes following spinal cord injury.

The purpose of the study was to discover the independent and combined effects of age and duration of injury on selected long term health outcomes of 83 spinal cord injured (SCI) men (age range 21-79 years; duration of spinal cord injury 3-52 years). Specifically, the study examined a multivariate model which specified that age, duration, the interaction of age and duration, and level of lesion were related to the following health outcomes: pain, fatigue, functional independence, mobility, illness and symptomatology, perceived overall health, social support, life satisfaction, and economic stability. Age had significant main effects on three outcomes. With increasing age, the sample experienced more fatigue, decreased activity (due to pain), and more overall satisfaction with their lives. Duration of SCI showed significant main effects on two outcomes. As subjects lived longer with their SCI, they felt less financially secure and experienced more symptoms and illnesses. Significant interaction effects of age and duration of SCI were found for two outcomes. Older age combined with longer duration of SCI amplified subjects' perceptions of financial insecurity, and threats to health. The findings send a clear message to service-providers and policy makers about the added vulnerability of older disabled individuals, about the need for extra vigilance in health care issues, and about the necessity of a social-economic safety net for already disadvantaged individuals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

A model of resource needs of aging spinal cord injured men.

It has always been understood that those who deal effectively with a disability call upon special resources that members of the able bodied population are not required to develop. However, the nature and relationship of these resources to aging outcomes is as yet only superficially understood. The present study provides further information and clarification about the resources needed for aging with a spinal cord injury. The sample consists of 70 individuals who have had a spinal cord injury for at least 15 years, and who are currently over the age of 45, and are therefore either anticipating or experiencing aging. Data from the sample were examined to produce a model of resources empirically associated with positive outcomes in aging. Emotional support was found to be positively related to the outcomes of life satisfaction, adjustment to disability and the absence of depressive symptomatology. Further, health concerns, financial security and instrumental support were also related to specific outcomes. These findings send a clear message to rehabilitation and community service providers to be watchful of survivors with limited social support, concerns about their health and an apparent lack of financial resources. The findings underline the need for better access to health services, and improved knowledge and attitudes of community health care providers working with older disabled individuals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis, receptor binding and tissue distribution of 17 alpha-E[125I]iodovinyl-11 beta-ethyl-estradiol.

In this study we prepared and evaluated a derivative of estradiol with an ethyl group at the 11 beta-position and an E-iodovinyl group at the 17 alpha-position. This new ligand binds to the estrogen receptor with an affinity slightly less than estradiol (RBA = 43%) at 0 degree C but much greater (RBA = 890%) at 25 degrees C. The 125I-labeled derivative was obtained by radioiododestannylation of the tri-n-butylstannyl precursor in good radiochemical yield with a specific activity exceeding 1500 Ci/mmol. The tissue distribution in immature female rats was evaluated over a 48 h period to determine uterine uptake and selectivity. Peak uterine uptake at 2 h was 6% ID/g and was significantly greater than that of [3H]estradiol, 2.4% ID/g. Substantial uptake in the uterus was still present at 48 h (2.4% ID/g). Co-administration of estradiol reduced the uptake at 2 and 24 h by 85%. Uterus-to-plasma ratios increased with time, from about 25:1 at 2 h to nearly 90:1 at 48 h. The affinity, ease of radiosynthesis and tissue distribution of the 17 alpha-E-[125I]iodovinyl-11 beta-ethyl-estradiol suggest that further evaluation of this agent as an imaging agent for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and your child: a parent information booklet.

A parent education booklet describing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was prepared by the Pediatric Branch of the National Cancer Institute. In addition to information about prophylaxis and treatment of PCP, the booklet discusses overall care of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

GFR increases before renal mass or ODC activity increase in rats fed high protein diets.

Consumption of a high protein diet causes renal hypertrophy and increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To determine the relationship between increases in GFR, renal ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), arginase activity, and renal growth, dietary protein intake was increased from 8.5% to 40% in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats (HP). Forty-one rats remained on 8.5% protein as time controls (LP). Eight to 17 animals were killed daily for measurement of kidney weight (kidney wt), ODC and arginase activities, total kidney protein and DNA content. GFR increased within the first 24 hours after the increase in dietary protein and reached a maximum within 48 hours, ODC increased from 9.7 +/- 0.8 U/g to a peak of 170 +/- 35 U/g at 48 hours, decreasing to a stable value of 28.6 +/- 8.0 U/g at 72 hours and 25.4 +/- 5.1 U/g at 168 hours, a value significantly greater than that at time zero. Arginase activity did not change. Kidney wt as percent body weight (body wt) increased after the initial increase in both GFR and in ODC activity. The peak in ODC activity corresponded with the maximum increase in GFR and preceded the increase in renal mass. After GFR stabilized, ODC activity decreased to a plateau and renal growth relative to body wt ceased. The increase in kidney weight was accompanied by a parallel increase in total kidney protein. Kidney protein/kidney DNA ratio increased significantly by 96 hours, indicating that renal hypertrophy had occurred. The sequence of these events suggests that increasing GFR may trigger the rise in ODC activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Postgraduate medical training, stress, and marriage.

In a pilot study, 20 interviews were conducted with married female interns and residents and their spouses in order to explore both positive effects of spousal support and negative effects of additional role obligations during medical training. The marital state has been shown to be related to lowered levels of stress. Past studies of medical marriage have focused on male physicians and their wives. However, marriage and parenthood impact differently on women than men, and thus on women physicians. To explore these differences, our findings are contrasted with findings on male medical students and their wives by R. Coombs. Compared to our subjects, Coombs found spouses were either housewives or held lower level jobs rather than demanding careers, and consequently our subjects experienced greater difficulty meeting demands of everyday life (cooking, cleaning, child care). Coombs' wives showed greater vicarious identification with the goals and satisfactions of the physician in-training; greater feelings of obligation to nurture, support and make sacrifices on behalf of their spouses; and less resentment toward the current system of medical training. They stressed the nurturing aspect of marital support rather than instrumental aspects. Subjects in both studies feared growing apart but while Coombs' wives feared being outgrown intellectually, our husbands were critical of their wives' narrowness of interests. Subjects in both studies believed marriage provided benefits (intimacy, support, affection, sex) but also complained of the negative impact of exhausting and emotionally draining medical training. Implications of findings for reducing the stress of medical training are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Deleterious effects of prenatal prednisolone exposure upon morphological and behavioral development of mice.

The influence of prenatal exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid prednisolone (PRED) was examined in female offspring of mice administered the drug on Days 13-18 of pregnancy. The offspring weighed significantly less than control animals at birth and weaning. Animals born of mothers given the highest dosage of the drug (400 microgram) weighed less than controls in adulthood. Fetal exposure to PRED also resulted in morphological masculinization as evidenced by an increase in anogenital distance. In addition to its marked influence, prenatal PRED exposure retarded the attainment of the developmental milestones of eye opening, lifting, walking, and gripping. The effect of PRED upon the fetus is relatively rapid in that a reduction of fetal weight was observed in 13-day-old conceptae 7.5 hr following a maternal injection of PRED. The administration of an antiestrogenic compound (MER-25) concurrently with PRED prevented the reduction in birth weight, thereby suggesting that PRED acts, in part, by its known attenuation of fetoneonatal estrogen-binding protein. And finally, fetal exposure to PRED had virtually no effect upon reproductive competence as assessed by proportion of successful pregnancies, lactation performance, and postpartum fighting behavior. It is concluded that prenatal exposure to PRED markedly affects somatic and muscular/motor development and it may be worthwhile to examine the influence of the drug upon levels of gonadal hormones in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism through which its effects are produced.

Animals↗