PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Rudin

Publications and source records attributed to C Rudin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Safety, immunogenicity, and pilot efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite and asexual blood-stage combination vaccine in Swiss adults.

This study was part of a larger program to develop a vaccine effective against Plasmodium falciparum infection caused by sporozoites and clinical malaria caused by asexual blood stages. In a phase 1 study of safety and immunogenicity, two recombinant proteins (Ro 46-2717, a circumsporozoite [CS] protein) construct with a molecular mass of 35 kD, and Ro 46-2924, a merozoite surface antigen [MSA-2] construct with a molecular mass of 25 kD) adsorbed onto alum were injected in two low (20 micrograms) or two high (100 micrograms) doses in the right and left deltoid muscles of 33 healthy Swiss volunteers; six other volunteers received a placebo (alum alone). Twenty-six participants reported 51 immunization-related adverse events, mainly pain at the injection site. Mean antibody titers to CS protein and MSA-2 in an indirect immunofluorescence assay peaked four weeks after the second immunization without evidence of boosting (i.e., sharp increase in titer). By that time, 56% and 31% of the vaccinees seroconverted to CS protein and MSA-2, respectively, with the increase in MSA-2 titer being weaker than that for the CS protein. After a third immunization, five vaccinees volunteered to be challenged by three or four infective bites of Anopheles stephensi. Prepatent and incubation periods in all five were comparable with unvaccinated historic controls challenged under similar conditions, and all had symptoms of clinical falciparum malaria. We conclude that the vaccine components were safe and immunogenic but there was no evidence that this immunization regimen with the CS protein plus MSA-2 component was able to prevent infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Congenital toxoplasmosis: pediatric approach. Consensus report of the Swiss infectious disease pediatricians].

The first part of this paper reviews: (1) the spectrum of clinical features of congenital toxoplasmosis; (2) the natural course of fetal infection; (3) the influence of antitoxoplasma therapy on the course of the disease; (4) methods for diagnosing the toxoplasma infection and assessing the severity of the disease; (5) currently used antitoxoplasma drugs and different therapeutic regimens. The second part suggests a practical approach to the problem of congenital toxoplasma infection, including diagnostic work-up, drug therapy, and follow-up. This practical approach is modulated according to the clinical syndrome in the infant and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the mother.

Coccidiostats↗
PubMed1994

Oral hairy leukoplakia in a child: confirmation of the clinical diagnosis by ultrastructural examination of exfoliative cytologic specimens.

We report on a 12-year-old girl infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). This is the fifth child with OHL whose case has been described so far. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by ultrastructural documentation of a herpes-type virus in the lesional scraping specimen. Exfoliative material was obtained by a painless and noninvasive procedure. We conclude that ultrastructural examination of lingual exfoliative cytological specimens from clinically suspected OHL is a noninvasive and painless method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of OHL.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative anti-p24 determinations can predict the risk of vertical transmission. Swiss HIV and Pregnancy Collaborative Study Group.

Quantitative serum antibody to p24 was evaluated as a predictor of risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-positive mothers, 13 with HIV-infected children and 24 with noninfected children were investigated during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. A statistically significant difference in anti-p24 titers was found between the mothers with infected and those with noninfected children independent of whether antibodies were measured during pregnancy or at the time of delivery. High anti-p24 levels correlated with a low risk of vertical transmission, whereas low anti-p24 titers were associated with an increased risk of vertical transmission. Although the number of CD4+ T-cells was lower and neopterin and beta-2 microglobulin values were higher in the group of mothers with infected children than in the noninfected group, no statistical significance was achieved due to the small sample size.

Biopterins↗
PubMed1993

[HIV infection in pregnancy and childhood].

In two ongoing nationwide collaborative studies 375 children of 337 HIV infected mothers (Neonatal HIV Study [started in October 1986], C. Kind, M. D., St. Gall) and 154 pregnancies/induced abortions in 148 HIV infected women (HIV and Pregnancy [started in May 1989], Ch. Rudin, M. D., Basel) have been registered and studied to date. Experiences gained from the two ongoing projects are presented. Viral load during pregnancy seems to influence the vertical transmission rate. There are many differences between HIV infections in children and adults. This is also true for ophthalmologic involvement. Psychosocial problems may be prominent in the care of children born to HIV infected mothers. Recruitment of foster parents is the most serious problem in this context.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection in Switzerland: results of a nationwide prospective study. Swiss Neonatal HIV Study Group.

A nationwide study involving 286 children of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers living in Switzerland has been performed with the participation of all paediatricians interested in HIV infection in the country. Of these children 201 could be followed up prospectively from birth up to a median age of 22 months. Prevalence of HIV infection in Swiss parturients was estimated at 0.1% and apparently remained stable from 1986 to 1989. Vertical transmission rate was estimated at 14%-20%. Variables of maternal or perinatal history were not associated with transmission rate. Transmission to pairs of siblings of the same mothers was discordant in 33% (6 of 18), with always the elder sibling being infected. Postneonatal mortality in infants of HIV-infected mothers followed up from birth was increased 15-fold over the general population with a very high incidence (2 in 100) of sudden infant death apparently unrelated to HIV infection.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Cord blood screening for congenital toxoplasmosis: detection and treatment of asymptomatic newborns in Basel, Switzerland.

Cord blood screening is a helpful tool for the detection of infants probably infected with Toxoplasma gondii, if serological data of the mothers are not available. Testing for toxoplasma specific IgM and IgG antibodies of about 30,000 cord blood sera gave information about the changes in prevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Basel between 1983 and 1991. The follow up and treatment of the infected children revealed the need of a randomized study comparing high and low dose treatment schedules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of 5.1-[NANP]19, a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate, in adults.

In a randomized single-blind study, 13 healthy adult volunteers were subcutaneously immunized with 2 or 3 single 50 or 400 micrograms doses of a Plasmodium falciparum recombinant vaccine candidate designated 5.1-[NANP]19. The vaccine caused transitory reactions at the injection site. Eight (62%) volunteers had a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase of antibody titer against sporozoites in immunofluorescence assay, all 13 seroconverted in IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against [NANP]50 antigen, and in 6 (46%) a lymphocyte proliferation index greater than or equal to 3 against 5.1 antigen was observed. Seven volunteers were challenged with mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum. All developed detectable parasitemia after 7 to 12 days and all received drug therapy within 24 hours. One volunteer with a cellular response to 5.1 had two negative in vitro parasite cultures before treatment, despite overt parasitemia. He was the only challenged volunteer who remained free of malaria symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Repeated polymerase chain reaction complementary to other conventional methods for early detection of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers.

The efficacy of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants at risk for HIV infection was assessed. The PCR method was added to the routine laboratory test programme in these patients in 1988. PCR was performed in a total of 26 children at risk (age range 2 days to 58 months), including 17 infants born to HIV-infected mothers, who were followed up clinically from the time of birth for a mean period of 23 months (range 6 to 54) in a prospective study. Twelve children were PCR-positive. Eight had AIDS, ARC or symptoms suggestive of HIV infection. All these patients had at least one culture positive for HIV (6/8) and/or one positive serum p24-antigen test (5/8). One child was repeatedly PCR positive, but asymptomatic as well as virus- and antigen-negative. Three asymptomatic children with a single positive PCR result were PCR negative in subsequent tests. Fourteen children with negative PCR did not show clinical or immunological signs suggestive of HIV infection. Their cultures for HIV and antigen-p24 assays were negative. It is concluded that in addition to clinical and immunological parameters PCR is a useful technique for diagnosis of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. However, in case of negative HIV cultures and/or serum p24-antigen tests, single positive PCR results in asymptomatic patients must be interpreted with caution and should be confirmed by repeated tests.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study of two different percutaneous venous catheters in newborn infants.

Between 1985 and 1988 the use of percutaneous venous catheters in the intensive care of newborn infants was evaluated. A total of 140 polyurethane catheters used in 91 patients were compared with 143 silicone catheters in 121 neonates. Patients of both series were comparable regarding sex, weight, gestational age and severity of disease. Insertion technique, puncture site care and infusions remained the same for both observation periods. Peripheral insertion of silicone catheters required more venous cutdowns but threading them to a central vein or the right atrium was more often successful. Fewer local complications (i.e. reddening or swelling along the peripheral venous access) resulted in a longer catheter duration and a less frequent need for an additional venous access in the silicone group. On the other hand, silicone catheters caused more technical problems (i.e. rupture or obstruction). Upon removal, more silicone than polyurethane catheter tips were colonized with bacteria. This was independent of catheter duration and was never followed by clinical signs of infection. The silicone catheter gave better results, especially in very small newborn infants of low gestational age, but was associated with more technical problems.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[Obstetrics for HIV positive pregnant patients].

We analysed 13 pregnancies from HIV-positive women, 12 intravenous drug abusers, and found the following complications: (1) 4 small-for-date babies and 1 premature baby; (2) 12 spontaneous births, 1 cesarean section; (3) 6 children with acute withdrawal syndrome and/or sepsis; (4) 2 children have AIDS, 3 mothers too; 1 child got ARC; (5) 4 children became HIV-negative. We propose some guidelines through pregnancy and birth for this group at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The neonatal pseudo-hydrocephalic progeroid syndrome (Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch). Report of a new patient and review of the literature.

A boy with the pseudo-hydrocephalic progeroid syndrome (McKusic 26409) is presented and compared to five previously reported children. The boy presented with major skeletal abnormalities, which receded during the first few months of life. Special investigations like studies on collagen, electron microscopy, and growth studies of fibroblasts did not contribute to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this rare disease.

Collagen↗
PubMed1987

Mesenterial histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Case report.

A 14-year-old girl was hospitalized with fever, jaundice, vomiting and right sided abdominal pain. A laparotomy was performed because of muscular defence and ascites. There was a mass of enlarged red and blue colored lymph nodes in the mesentery of the lower ileum loop. The histologic diagnosis of HNL without granulocytic infiltration was made. A septic-toxic shock developed after surgery. Respiratory insufficiency necessitated the use of a respirator, and acute renal failure with oliguria made hemodialysis necessary. The dramatic clinical course of the illness and the localization of the affected lymph nodes in the abdomen are unusual for an HNL; the lack of granulocytic infiltration contradicts the clinical picture of a bacterial infection. Neither a bacterial nor a viral pathogen could be found. However, the patient had been treated with antibiotics before.

Adolescent↗