[Dialysis, adaptation, quality of life, and family support].
Chronic dialysis treatment is characterized by a series of complex interdependent objective problems, such as the dialysis experience, the individual way to assess it, and some "protective" factors such as social and family support. Progresses in dialysis research show that dialysis patients have important alternatives to passively accept their condition: thanks to adequate psychological and relational aid, they can reach rather advanced adaptation levels, which allow them to modify both their behaviour and way of life, to keep a satisfactory compliance, and to improve their quality of life (QoL). In this adaptation process, both family and social support play an important role, although controversy still exists on it. The results of our study confirm the complexity of this role and show that either haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis patients' adaptation process and QoL may be directly related to the extent of family member's ("caregiver") support. It is of particular interest the fact that patients, especially those undergoing haemodialysis, provided with a caregiver's assistance but who choose to "act by themselves", do have better adaptation levels and QoL than those who rely only on their caregiver. This fact reassesses the widely accepted point of view that continuous caregiver's support is always a positive and necessary factor in order to improve both the adaptation and the QoL of dialysis patients.