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Biomedical subjects

C S Bello

Publications and source records attributed to C S Bello.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anti-CagA antibodies in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients and blood donors from Nigeria.

The prevalence of antibodies to CagA protein was evaluated in 174 Helicobacter pylori-positive. subjects: 110 patients submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 64 male blood donors. The patients were from different regions of Nigeria: Jos, North, Benue,West and East and the blood donors were from Jos. Sera were assayed for anti-CagA antibodies using Helicobacter p120, CagA ELISA (Viva Diagnostika, Hürth, Germany). Anti-CagA antibodies were detected in 104 (94.5%) patients and in 61 (95.3%) blood donors (P=1.0). Patients from the Benue region presented a lower frequency of anti-CagA antibodies than patients from the other regions (P=0.0004). When the subjects were stratified by age, a significant increase in IgG concentration was observed among the men (P=0.03) but not among the women (P=0.57) or among the blood donors (P=0.83). In conclusion, similarly toAsian countries, CagA-positive H. pylori infection is highly frequent in Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hippurate hydrolysis and Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson tests as epidemiological diagnostic tools for Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) and hippurate hydrolysis reactions as diagnostic tools for Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnancy. DESIGN: Observational, analytical case-control study. SETTING: Hospital-based study in a primary and a tertiary health care institution. PATIENTS: One hundred and six pregnant and 56 non-pregnant (controls) women were included in the study. The participants were of different socio-economic status. A volunteer sample was used. About 800 subjects were contacted and 162 participated in the study. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the screening test varied from 25% for the CAMP test to 77.78% for the hippurate hydrolysis reaction. The specificity was the same for both tests at (50%). A significant difference in positivity between the CAMP and hippurate hydrolysis reactions (95% confidence limit, P < 0.05) was observed. The predictive values of the positive test were 66.6% (CAMP) and 87.55% (hippurate hydrolysis) while the negative test were 14.29% (CAMP) and 33.30% (hippurate hydrolysis). Pregnant women had 0.33 chances of being GBS carriers with the CAMP compared to 3.5 with the hippurate hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: The hippurate hydrolysis test is highly recommended since the reagents are easily available and the organism was easily isolated using this method. The presence of GBS in the anorectum and endocervix is likely to induce systemic and local immunity in the female genital tract. This can contribute to the development of a mucosal vaccine for GBS diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Neonatal meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalent bacterial agents of neonatal meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility in a referral intensive care unit in Assir Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during the years 1993-1998. METHODS: Records of newborn infants with positive cerebrospinal fluid culture during the period were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: There were 1473 nursery admissions, of which 32 episodes of meningitis occurred amongst 31 neonates. Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%) and Serratia marcescens (21%) were the main pathogens. The incidence of concurrent septicemia among these infants was 58%. Klebsiella pneumoniae appears to dominate in both early and late onset infections. The sex incidence was equal and the mortality rate was 48%. CONCLUSION: The survey identifies Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp. as the leading bacterial agents of neonatal meningitis in our environment. The relatively high frequency of Serratia infection in the present survey appears unique as this organism is comparatively rare in other reports across the globe. No Group B Streptococcus was isolated, which is in contrast to reports obtained in Europe, America and Australia where it is the predominant organism of neonatal sepsis or meningitis. Antibiogram identified imipenem and cefotaxime as the empirical antibiotics in infants with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in our hospital; no more conventional use of ampicillin. In view of the changing bacterial pattern of infant infection with time even in the same environment, a periodic review of this subject is advocated.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1999

Antibody levels to Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in Nigerians.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antibody titre levels to typhoid/paratyphoid fever organisms among apparently healthy volunteers. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: General community and University Teaching Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 323 apparently healthy individuals with body temperatures < or = 37.8 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire administration to classify volunteers into three socio-economic status (SES). RESULTS: There were 35.29% of the apparently healthy population in Jos community with antibodies to typhoid/paratyphoid fever organisms. The presence of these antibodies were neither sex nor SES related. Normal antibody titres were up to 1:40 and 1:80 for O and H Salmonella antigens respectively. Contrary to the general belief, typhoid/paratyphoid fevers have not affected virtually everybody in Nigeria. The difference between those without previous history and those with previous history was significant (p < 0.05) with those in the former category having a higher percentage. CONCLUSION: For a single sero-diagnosis to have any diagnostic value in Jos community and its environs, only a four-fold rise to what has been found to be normal should be significant. This means that only titres of 1:160 and 1:320 and above for O and H antigens should be considered significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Fungal carriage in lizards.

The occurrence of fungi was investigated in the gut of 200 common garden lizards (Agama agama). The most important pathogenic fungus isolated was Basidiobolus haptosporus, an aetiological agent of subcutaneous zygomycosis. It was recovered from the intestinal contents of 112 (56%) lizards. Other important fungi isolated included Aspergillus spp. in 24 (12%) lizards, Candida spp. in 12 (6%), Penicillium spp. in 12 (6%) and Fusarium spp. in 12 (6%). Mucor spp. were isolated from eight (4%) male lizards only. Agamid lizards are plentiful in rural and urban areas of Nigeria. As they live in close vicinity to man, they are likely to play an important role in the spread of disease that may be caused by these fungi and its transmission to man. None of the animals investigated that yielded fungal cultures revealed any external fungal infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clinical pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Jos, Nigeria.

A study of determine the seroprevalence rate and clinical presentation of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis was carried out in Jos between October 1990 and September 1991. Out of the 180 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 11(6.1%) were confirmed seropositive for HIV-1 and 2. The peak age range for both tuberculosis and HIV infection in both sexes is 20-40 years. The risk of HIV infection was associated with multiple sex partners and blood transfusion. There was no significant difference in the clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis between HIV-seropositive and seronegative patients (P > 0.1). However, diarrhoea, lymphadenopathy and marked weight loss were found to be significantly associated with HIV infection (P < 0.05). The mean lymphocyte count of HIV seropositives was significantly lower than seronegatives (P < 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Serological and cultural examination for human leptospirosis in Plateau State, Nigeria.

In a serological examination of 710 serum samples collected from human volunteers in Plateau State, Nigeria, 128 (18.0pc) had leptospiral antibody titres of 1:100 and above. The prevalence of antibodies to individual serovars were: hardjo 28 (21.9pc), pomona 18 (14.1pc), canicola 17 (13.3pc), grippotyphosa 15 (11.7pc), pyrogenes 13 (10.2pc), icterohaemorrhagiae 12 (0.4pc) and autumnalis 8 (6.3pc). There was no statistical difference in the prevalence rate of leptospirosis in the different local government areas (p greater than 0.05; X2). Among the occupational groups examined, the abattoir workers were particularly at risk with a prevalence rate of 29.5pc. A leptospiral variant of strain Hardjoprajitno was also isolated from the midstream urine of an abattoir worker who was apparently healthy. The isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in man is the first such report in Nigeria.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

Mycoplasmas among clients attending a family planning clinic in Zaria, Nigeria.

The effect of contraception in the incidence of genital tract mycoplasma infection was studied in 150 women practicing contraception and another 50 women attending a gynecological clinic, using no contraception. Using the chi-squared method, there was no statistically significant difference between total mycoplasma recovery in family planning clients versus the controls. The only statistically significant difference was between total positive mycoplasma in the oral contraceptive group versus IUD users.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Serological prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in Plateau State, Nigeria.

Serum samples obtained from 1.537 cattle in the 14 local government areas (LGAs) of Plateau State of Nigeria were screened for the presence of leptospiral antibodies using 13 serovars in a modified microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Two hundred and twenty-two (14.4 p.100) of the cattle tested had leptospiral antibody titres of 1:100 or higher to one or more of the test antigens. The prevalence rates of antibodies to individual serovars were: hardjo (35.6 p.100), pomona (11.7 p.100), pyrogenes (11.7 p.100), canicola (9.5 p.100), grippotyphosa (7.7 p.100), bratislava (5.9 p.100), icterohaemorrhagiae (5.9 p.100), ballum (4.5 p.100), autumnalis (3.6 p.100), bataviae (2.3 p.100) and tarassovi (1.8 p.100). The serological prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the various local government areas of Plateau State of Nigeria differed significantly (P less than 0.05; X2).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Secretory IgA and other proteins in semen from healthy Nigerian men.

The secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in semen and immunoglobulin A, G, M and D concentrations in semen and serum from 30 apparently healthy Nigerian men with various sperm counts were studied. Albumin levels in the samples were also measured to determine the contribution of serum transudation to the semen concentration. Nine of the participants (30%) had no detectable SIgA in their semen, while IgM and IgD were undetectable in all the semen samples. Analysis of proteins in the semen revealed an increase in the IgA:albumin ratio as compared to serum, while the IgG:albumin ratio was the same. The relative semen concentrations for IgA were generally slightly higher than and for IgG were lower than for albumin. Those levels did not correlate for IgA and albumin, while the IgG and albumin levels correlated with each other. A mathematical estimate of the amount of IgA produced locally showed no statistically significant difference between azoospermic and normospermic men. The data indicate that some men are capable of local IgG production.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Sexually transmitted disease among women attending a family planning clinic in Zaria, Nigeria.

Three types of sexually transmitted infections were investigated among 150 family planning clients using different methods of contraception and 50 controls. For oral contraception, intrauterine contraceptive device, medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera) and controls, the incidence of trichomonas was 0%, 6%, 8% and 4%; for gonorrhoea it was 0%, 8%, 2% and 6%; for syphilis it was 4%, 34%, 16% and 12%. Only the difference in prevalence of syphilis among intrauterine contraceptive users and control was statistically significant (P less than 0.3).

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1988

Occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides in humans and water in Zaria, Nigeria.

A total of 1,171 human faeces and 269 water samples were examined for Plesiomonas shigelloides in Zaria. The rate of isolation for humans was 0.17% while the detection rates in pond and well water samples were 7.4% and 0.6% respectively. No recoveries were made from water samples taken from streams, dams, tanks and taps. Neither Shigella nor Salmonella was isolated from the water samples tested. It is concluded that water may play a role in the epidemiology of P. shigelloides but may not be a common vehicle for transmission of Shigella and Salmonella in Zaria, Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aetiology of genital ulceration in the Gambia.

The aetiology of genital ulceration was studied in 104 unselected patients (94 men, 10 women) attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in the Gambia. Chancroid was diagnosed in 54 (52%), syphilis in 23 (22%), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in seven (7%), and herpes in six (6%). In 28 (27%) patients no diagnosis was reached. Ten (10%) patients were found to have both chancroid and syphilis, three (3%) had both LGV and syphilis, and one (1%) had both herpes and syphilis. Trimethoprim 160 mg and sulphamethoxazole 800 mg twice daily for one week was found to be effective in the treatment of chancroid. This regimen with a single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin 2.4 MIU is recommended for the treatment of genital ulcers in Gambian health centres without laboratory facilities.

Adolescent↗