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Biomedical subjects

C S Berger

Publications and source records attributed to C S Berger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The challenge of change: enhancing social work services at a time of cutback.

Little systematic attention has been paid to the process of cuts in resources in hospital social work departments and to the implications of such events over time. This article describes the activities of a social work department in response to hospitalwide downsizing. It outlines conceptual premises for action, recommends a step-by-step process for analysis and implementation, reviews implications of cutback, and describes outcomes for department and personnel. In this particular case, social work administration was able to make changes in department organization to improve quality, efficiency, and professional control of practice while modeling cutback and reorganization to the larger hospital community.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

Cocaine and pregnancy: a challenge for health care providers.

There is an alarming increase in the number of individuals using cocaine in this country. As many as 10 percent of all pregnant women have used cocaine one or more times during their pregnancy. The rising number of pregnant cocaine abusers who present themselves for medical services is creating a challenge for health care practitioners. This article addresses the biopsychosocial issues of cocaine abuse during pregnancy, including the medical impact of cocaine abuse on pregnant women and their newborn infants, behavioral manifestations of cocaine abusers that create health care management problems, and social work's contribution to the health care management of these women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Enhancing social work influence in the hospital: identifying sources of power.

Social workers need to develop interest and skills in hospital politics. Turbulent health care systems, combined with the unique organizational attributes of health care organizations, create environments where political skills are essential to achieve social work goals and objectives. This article identifies sources of social work power within the hospital. Power resides not only in the political acumen of the individual but also in the structural attributes associated with the work group. Discussion focuses on resource control and network centrality as structural sources of social work power.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

inv(12)(p11.2q13) in an endometrial polyp.

A benign endometrial polyp from a 50-year-old postmenopausal woman has been cytogenetically investigated. A single clonal karyotypic anomaly, inv(12)(p11.2q13), was found in about 30% of cells analyzed after short-term culture. This finding contributes further to the hypothesis that the chromosomal segment 12q13-q14, which is also involved in chromosomal rearrangements in uterine leiomyomas, pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, lipomas, and myxoid liposarcomas, contains a gene or genes that are related to cellular proliferation rather than to malignant transformation.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1989

The cytogenetics of renal tumors. Where do we stand, where do we go?

In this review an attempt is made to give an overview of the present status of cytogenetic research in tumors of the kidney. The results of numerous studies in renal cell carcinoma and adenoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and renal oncocytoma are presented, and the findings from the literature, together with 52 current observations, are analyzed and evaluated with respect to their significance for the understanding of renal malignancies.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Cytogenetic subtype involving chromosome 13 in lipoma. Report of three cases.

We report three lipomas with rearrangements of chromosome 13. The karyotype of the tumors studied were 45,XX,-8,+der(8)t(8;13)(q22;q12),del(10)(p12),-13; 46,XY,del(13)(q12q22), and 46,XY,t(11;12)(q23;q13),del(13)(q12q22), respectively, revealing common involvement of band 13q12 in the rearrangement. Three other lipomas with aberrations of bands 13q12-q13 have been reported, suggesting that such tumors with abnormalities of chromosome 13 could represent a subgroup of lipoma in addition to those already reported with abnormalities of chromosomes 12q and 6p. The rearrangements of #13 in all these cases also involved loss of the band 13q14 to which the antioncogene associated with retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma is localized. Detailed clinical, histopathologic, and molecular studies should help to further characterize the various cytogenetically defined subgroups of lipoma.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

Fragile sites and genitourinary tumors.

We tested for fragile sites in lymphocytes from nine patients with genitourinary tumors to determine if a correlation existed between their cancer chromosome breakpoints and fragile sites. Induction was done for rare fragile sites in all known classes by exposure of cells to fluorodeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). No rare fragile sites were found. Induction was also done for common fragile sites in all known classes using aphidicolin (Apc), 5-azacytidine, and BrdU. Although 56 common fragile sites were detected, only a single site corresponded in location to a genitourinary tumor chromosome breakpoint. That was the common fragile site in band 3p14. No overall correlation was found between fragile sites and chromosome rearrangements in carcinoma of the kidney, ureter, bladder, and testis. The sole known candidate for a possible biologic role is the 3p14 common fragile site in renal cell carcinoma.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1988

Translocation t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1) in renal cell carcinoma affects expression of the common fragile site at 3p14(FRA3B) in lymphocytes.

The common fragile site at 3p14(FRA3B) is cytogenetically close to the positions of translocation and deletion breakpoints frequently observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Possible involvement of this fragile site in the familial RCC t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1) was investigated. Expression of FRA3B, induced by treatment of lymphocytes with aphidicolin, is altered by the translocation. These results suggest that the fragile site is very close to, if not coincident with, the translocation breakpoint.

Aphidicolin↗
PubMed1988

Loss of common 3p14 fragile site expression in renal cell carcinoma with deletion breakpoint at 3p14.

The common fragile site in human chromosome band 3p14 is a constant cytogenetic marker present on every normal chromosome #3. Therefore, we selected a renal cell carcinoma with a deletion breakpoint in 3p14 for analysis of the 3p14 fragile site. Aphidicolin was used to induce the expression of the 3p14 fragile site. The fragile sites expressed in the renal carcinoma cells generally mirrored those expressed in lymphocytes. The normal chromosome #3 in the renal carcinoma cells expressed the common 3p14 fragile site. The partially deleted #3 did not. The deletion breakpoint, therefore, cannot be beyond the 3p14 fragile site. The common fragile site in 3p14 must be at or very near the deletion breakpoint in 3p14 in renal cell carcinoma. These results are consistent with this fragile site causing this cancer chromosome deletion.

Aphidicolin↗
PubMed1988

Familial double testicular tumors: identical chromosome changes in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma of the same testis.

An identical abnormal chromosome, i(12p), and a marker chromosome of unknown origin were seen in 2 tumors of different histology (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) in the same testis. A younger brother of the patient also had undergone orchiectomy for 2 seminomas in the left testis 2 years previously. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible cellular background of testicular tumors and their genetic parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome change in transitional cell carcinoma of ureter.

Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter is a relatively rare cancer. A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the mid-portion of the ureter in an adult male has been studied cytogenetically and has been found to have trisomy of chromosome #7 (+7) as the only karyotypic abnormality. In an earlier instance of transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter, we observed trisomy 7 together with monosomy 9 and an isochromosome for 5p. The relation of this observation to the cytogenetic findings in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is discussed and their possible significance evaluated. The rarity of the cytogenetic findings in these tumors is stressed, as is the possible role played by the chromosomal change in this condition, which may possibly involve the c-erb B oncogene.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1986

Chromosomes in kidney, ureter, and bladder cancer.

Although Wilms tumor has been a favored subject for cytogenetic investigation, little is known about chromosomes in adult urinary tract cancers. For this reason, we excluded Wilms' tumor and studied a series of 32 adult urinary tract tumors. Nineteen tumors had detectable autosomal abnormalities. Each of ten renal tumors (consisting of eight renal cell and two transitional cell carcinomas) had three or more chromosome abnormalities. Two candidates for primary chromosome changes in renal cancer are rearrangement of 3p14 and an unbalanced translocation with breakpoints of 5q13 and 14q22. Trisomy 20 is a frequent secondary change. Other nonrandom changes in renal cancer are rearrangements of 1q and +7, -8, -9, -14, -15, +16, and deletions of 17p. Eight bladder and a ureter tumor were all transitional cell carcinomas. Two bladder and the ureter tumor had only one detectable abnormality: deletions of 10q24 and 21q22 and +7, respectively. Other nonrandom bladder changes were -9, +13, +15, and +20. From a cytogenetic standpoint, adult urinary tract tumors appear to be chromosomally complex but critical consistencies are emerging.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nonreciprocal chromosome translocation t(5;14) in cancers of the kidney: adenocarcinoma of the renal parenchyma and transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney pelvis.

Chromosome studies were done on an adenocarcinoma of the kidney and a transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney. The adenocarcinoma was in the renal parenchyma, whereas the transitional cell carcinoma was in the kidney pelvis. The adenocarcinoma was moderately well differentiated, and the transitional cell tumor was poorly differentiated. The adenocarcinoma was hypotetraploid, with 69-75 chromosomes per cell, and the transitional cell carcinoma was pseudodiploid, with 46 chromosomes. Both tumors showed a nonreciprocal t(5;14) translocation that resulted in a 5q- and a 14q+ chromosome with loss of 14q material. The breakpoints were in bands 5q13 and 14q22. Both tumors also contained an extra 5q- chromosome. The oncogene c-fms is normally situated in band 5q34 and so may have been translocated onto 14q, although whether it has been activated is conjectural. The t(5;14) translocation may be another tissue-specific cancer chromosome change.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Histiocytic lymphoma cell lines: immunologic and cytogenetic studies.

Cell lines were established from 15 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) of the intermediate grade, diffuse large cell (class G), and high-grade, large cell immunoblastic (class H) types. Immunologic studies indicated that 11 of the 15 DHL cell lines were B cell in origin, 2 were histiocytic, and 2 were null cell. Cytogenetic studies revealed 1 hypodiploid, 11 hyperdiploid, and 3 near-tetraploid cell lines. Chromosome #7 was trisomic in 3 lines, chromosomes #12 in 4 lines, and chromosome #13 in 3 lines. Chromosome #2 was monosomic in 3 lines, chromosome #8 was monosomic in 5 lines, chromosome #14 in 4 lines, and chromosome #22 in 6 cell lines. This is of special interest, as chromosomes #2, #8, #14, and #22 are clearly concerned with rearrangements in Burkitt's lymphoma and immunoglobulin expression. The most common rearrangement in the DHL cell lines involved chromosome #14 at band 14q32. However, in contrast to Burkitt's lymphoma, the pattern of translocation in DHL is between chromosome #14 and usually chromosome #11 or chromosome #18. The 14;18 translocation is not restricted to patients with low-grade follicular, small cleaved cell lymphomas, as has been reported. The 14q+ chromosome is characteristic of lymphoid malignancies in general. It is due, invariably, to a translocation with the breakpoint in band 14q32, which is the locus of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. We propose that in each translocation, for example, chromosomes #11 or #18, an oncogene may be transposed onto chromosome #14, and that each 14q+ translocation in DHL represents an event that transposes an oncogene from another chromosome to chromosome #14.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1984

Aneuploidy in recurrent spontaneous aborters: the tendency to parental nondisjunction.

To test the hypothesis that parental aneuploidy, particularly involving sex chromosomes, indicates an increased risk of meiotic nondisjunction, we analyzed chromosome numbers from 283 parents who had had 2 or more spontaneous abortions and, if they had children, no abnormal offspring. A sample of 15 lymphocyte metaphases was examined per individual for a total of 4,245 metaphases. Two or more cells with the same abnormal chromosome complement were found in 19 individuals: 4 males with a minor number of 45,X cells and 15 females with minor numbers of 45,X and/or 47,XXX cells (p less than 0.001). The most logical explanation is that mitosis may, in part, reflect meiosis. This group of parents appears predisposed to chromosome errors in meiosis leading to recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1984

Developing roles for macro practitioners within the health field.

The authors examine and describe a department of social work in a university teaching hospital where macro practitioners and students are introduced into service delivery areas at the line level. This new role for macro practitioners promotes generic practice through which both macro and micro skills can be utilized without compromising one for the other. The introduction of macro practitioners into the Department of Social Work has improved the department's status within the hospital, the school of social work, and the community.

Clinical Clerkship↗