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C S Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to C S Carlson.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The ultrastructure of osteochondrosis of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex in growing swine.

Osteochondrosis of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (A-E complex) is a significant clinical disease in swine. It has been suggested that osteochondrosis is the underlying cause of osteochondritis dissecans in humans. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the ultrastructural changes in the earliest macroscopically visible lesion of the epiphyseal cartilage in osteochondrosis of the A-E complex in swine. Osteochondritic epiphyseal cartilage from the distal femora and humeri of growing crossbred boars was collected, embedded in plastic, and studied light and electron microscopically. The predominant lesion was chondronecrosis, characterized by chondrocyte death and loss of matrical proteoglycan. Transition from normal to abnormal cartilage was abrupt. Lipid accumulated in chondrocytes within and adjacent to lesions, but not in chondrocytes distant from lesions. Intracellular lipid accumulation was an important feature of the lesion and may play a role in its initiation. It is hypothesized that intracellular lipid accumulation results from hypoxia/anoxia and may precede matrix degeneration, which precedes cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of normal epiphyseal cartilage of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex in growing swine.

Normal epiphyseal cartilage from the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (A-E complex) of the distal parts of the femur and humerus of growing commercial crossbred boars was collected, embedded in plastic, and studied by light and electron microscopies. The morphology of this cartilage was determined to provide a basis for comparison with cartilage affected with osteochondrosis, an important clinical disease in swine. Normal epiphyseal cartilage from the A-E complex in growing swine was divided into 4 major regions of cells: resting, proliferating, hypertrophic, and calcifying regions. Cells in the resting zone contained prominent lipid and densely aggregated glycogen. As the cells proliferated and matured, the lipid and glycogen became less prominent. The lipid droplets became smaller and scarcer, and the glycogen became dispersed in the cytoplasm. Proliferating and hypertrophic cells clustered in roughly egg-shaped groups of 4 to 8 cells/plane of section. In the calcifying region, the interterritorial matrix (between cell clusters) calcified, and the territorial matrix (uniting cells in a cluster) remained uncalcified. Calcified matrix extended the depth of one cell group from the area of capillary penetration, and the capillaries invaded by entering a cluster of cells. Territorial matrices in all regions of A-E complex epiphyseal cartilage were composed of randomly oriented collagen fibrils with a granular fibrillar proteoglycan network dispersed between the fibrils. Heterogeneity of chondrocytes was characterized by the presence of both light- and dark-staining cells in the proliferating through calcifying regions and by 3 morphologically distinct light cell types in the late hypertrophic and calcifying regions.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural evidence of a functional heterogeneity among physeal chondrocytes in growing swine.

Chondrocytes from the distal ulnar physis of 1- and 5-month-old boars were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Among reserve, proliferating, and early hypertrophic chondrocytes, 2 distinct cell types (dark cells and light cells) were recognized, and in the distal proliferative and early hypertrophic regions, dark cells seemed to be involved in matrix vesicle production. Late hypertrophic light cells seemed to follow 2 lines of maturation. One pathway resulted in cells with a stellate shape, typical of hypertrophic cells in several species other than swine. A 2nd pathway resulted in large oval cells with water-clear cytoplasm. These cells appeared to become encased in a lamina of fine fibrils interspersed with irregularly shaped electron-dense material. The functional significance of these 2 pathways remains unclear.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colonic adenocarcinoma in rhesus macaques.

Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in human beings, but relatively few cases have been described in macaques. The present report documents two fatal cases of colon cancer in aged rhesus macaques. Case 1 was a 20-year-old female in which extensive invasion of the caecum by a scirrhous adenocarcinoma led to perforation and a severe fibrinopurulent peritonitis. Case 2 was a 32-year-old male with a stricture at the ileocaecal junction, also caused by a scirrhous adenocarcinoma, which had metastasized to a regional lymph node. Both neoplasms showed aggressive local involvement of the proximal large bowel, which appears to be a predilection site in rhesus monkeys. Descriptions of spontaneous cases of colon cancer in non-human primates may lead to the development of models for certain aspects of the disease in man.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Articular cartilage changes seen with magnetic resonance imaging-detected bone bruises associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

Occult osteochondral lesions (bone bruises) have been documented on magnetic resonance images in more than 80% of patients sustaining acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Despite the high prevalence of these lesions, little is known about the histologic changes in the adjacent articular cartilage. Ten patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures who had a preoperatively documented (by magnetic resonance imaging) geographic bone bruise at the sulcus terminalis on the lateral femoral condyle underwent a 3-mm diameter trephine biopsy of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone overlying the bone bruise at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Biopsy samples of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. All patients had significant arthroscopic and histologic articular cartilage irregularity in the area overlying the bone bruise. Arthroscopic findings of the articular cartilage included softening (dimpling), fissuring, or overt chondral fracture. Histologic examination revealed degeneration of the chondrocytes and loss of toluidine blue staining in the articular cartilage (loss of proteoglycan). There was necrosis of osteocytes in the subchondral bone, and empty lacuna were visible. This study defines the exact histologic changes of the articular cartilage overlying a geographic bone bruise secondary to an acute anterior cruciate ligament tear. Our findings suggest that a geographic bone bruise found on magnetic resonance imaging indicates substantial damage to normal articular cartilage homeostasis.

Adolescent↗