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Biomedical subjects

C S Davis

Publications and source records attributed to C S Davis.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Antinauseant and antiemetic properties of bismuth subsalicylate in dogs and humans.

Laboratory and clinical investigations were carried out to determine the effectiveness of bismuth subsalicylate in allaying nausea by preventing the physical symptom of emesis. In normal conscious dogs, a bismuth subsalicylate formulation caused a dose-related reduction in the incidence of vomiting in response to an emetic dose of ipecac syrup. In normal human subjects, a bismuth subsalicylate suspension, unlike the placebo formulation, successfully subdued nausea and vomiting in 66.7 and 80% of the subjects, respectively, in response to ipecac syrup. Both findings demonstrate that bismuth subsalicylate can provide antiemetic action and that the decreases in the occurrence of emesis in humans and dogs parallels the decrease in nausea found in humans and the nausea suspected to occur prior to emesis in dogs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Multiple benign ureteral fibrous polyps.

Two cases of benign polyps of the ureter are reported with emphasis on the uroradiological features and methods of evaluation in the diagnosis of benign mesodermal tumors of the ureter. The apparently excellent results from conservative surgery make the recognition and preoperative roentgenologic diagnosis of this entity mandatory.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some general methods for the analysis of categorical data in longitudinal studies.

This paper is concerned with the analysis of multivariate categorical data from epidemiologic and clinical studies with longitudinal designs. An expository discussion of pertinent hypotheses for such situations is provided within the context of two relevant data sets. Appropriate large-sample tests of these hypotheses are developed through the application of weighted least squares to generate Wald statistics. These procedures are illustrated with extensive analyses of one of these data sets. In some situations, the resulting cross-classification of the response variables leads to extremely sparse frequency data, especially when the number of subjects is not large. For such repeated measurement designs in which a single variable is measured repeatedly over time, this paper considers the use of a generalized Mantel-Haenszel strategy for tests of marginal homogeneity (symmetry). These randomization model methods are illustrated for data in which the repeated measurement variable is reported on an ordinal scale. This paper also focuses on the available computing software to implement these methods within the version 5 release of the SAS system. The randomization model approach can be implemented within the FREQ procedure and a broad range of models and hypotheses can be investigated within the CATMOD procedure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza vaccination of health care workers: evaluation of factors that are important in acceptance.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the associations between putative occupational and epidemiologic determinants and influenza vaccine acceptance among health care workers during two consecutive seasons. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance during 1991-1992, then validated in the subsequent year. A combined repeated-measures regression model using generalized estimating equations was fit to examine workers' vaccine acceptance over the 2-year period. RESULTS: Nearly one-third of hospital employees received influenza vaccine each year [2,364 of 7,320 (32%) in 1991-1992 vs 2,679 of 8,632 (31%) in 1992-1993]. Independent predictors among nurse clinicians included older age, higher salary, longer employment, and minimal absenteeism. Female sex, marriage, higher salary, and employment duration were independent predictors for professional support staff. Older age was the only independent predictor among nonprofessional staff. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that older individuals, those with higher socioeconomic status, and those employed longer are more likely to accept the influenza vaccine. Sex, marital status, and prior work absenteeism are also important predictors in specific groups of health care workers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tizanidine treatment of spasticity: a meta-analysis of controlled, double-blind, comparative studies with baclofen and diazepam.

To conduct a meta-analysis of the antispastic efficacy and tolerability of tizanidine, we reviewed records of the European sponsor of tizanidine trials and selected double-blind, randomized studies of moderate duration in which oral tizanidine was compared with baclofen or diazepam. Studies were required to have individual patient data; three key outcome measures (Ashworth Rating Scale for muscle tone, a measure of muscle strength, and Global Tolerability to Treatment Rating); and patients with multiple sclerosis or cerebrovascular lesions. Ten trials involving 270 patients met these criteria. Seven studies used baclofen as the positive control; three used diazepam. As measured by Total and Lower Body Ashworth scores, tizanidine and similar spasticity-reducing effects to both baclofen and diazepam. Muscle strength was affected less by tizanidine than by either comparator, and investigators judged tizanidine to have greater tolerability. Within the limits of these comparisons, tizanidine, baclofen, and diazepam were equally effective in decreasing excessive muscle tone in patients with multiple sclerosis or cerebrovascular lesions. Muscle strength improved in all three treatment groups, but improvement was greatest with tizanidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational injuries among workers with disabilities: the National Health Interview Survey, 1985-1994.

CONTEXT: As the baby boom generation ages, more people will be working with disabilities, but we have little information regarding how disabilities affect risk for occupational injury. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that work-limiting disabilities in general and hearing and visual impairments in particular are risk factors for occupational injuries. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1985 to 1994. PARTICIPANTS: The 459827 participants in the NHIS from 1985 to 1994 who listed "working" as their primary activity, who were not farmers, and who were between 18 and 65 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occupational injuries in the year preceding the interview causing a residual impairment at the time of interview. RESULTS: After adjusting for occupation, self-employment, and age, occupational injury was associated with preceding work disability (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.56); blindness (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.32-7.85); deafness (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.17-4.12); hearing impairment (OR,1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.87); upper extremity impairment (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.05); and arthritis (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.68). Visual impairment was not associated with a significantly increased risk (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.87-2.17). CONCLUSIONS: Workers with disabilities, especially sensory impairments, appear to have an elevated risk for occupational injury. Further research in the design and evaluation of improved workplace accommodations for workers with these disabilities is needed.

Accidents, Occupational↗