Progress in rectal cancer.
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Biomedical subjects
C S Fuchs
Publications and source records attributed to C S Fuchs.
A prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine the excess incidence of pancreatic cancer among cigarette smokers and to examine the influence of smoking cessation on the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We obtained data on cigarette smoking and other risk factors for pancreatic cancer from 118,339 women aged 30 to 55 years and 49,428 men aged 40 to 75 years who were without diagnosed cancer. During the 2,116,229 persons-years of follow-up, pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in 186 participants. RESULTS: The multivariate relative risk of pancreatic cancer for current smokers was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.6). A significant, positive trend in risk with increasing pack-years of smoking was observed (P for trend = .004), although this association was confined to cigarette consumption within the past 15 years. Compared with participants who continued to smoke, former smokers had a 48% reduction in pancreatic cancer risk within 2 years of quitting. Ultimately, the relative risk of pancreatic cancer among former smokers approached that for never smokers after less than 10 years of smoking cessation. Overall, the proportion of pancreatic cancers attributable to cigarette smoking was 25%. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. The rapid reduction in risk associated with quitting suggests that smoking cessation could eliminate 25% of the 27,000 deaths from pancreatic cancer occurring annually in the United States.
Adult↗
Gastric carcinoma.
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Antineoplastic Agents↗
Alcohol consumption and mortality among women.
BACKGROUND: Studies in men suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a reduction in overall mortality, due primarily to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Among women with similar levels of alcohol consumption, an increased risk of breast cancer has been noted that complicates the balance of risks and benefits. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study among 85,709 women, 34 to 59 years of age and without a history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, or cancer, who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1980. During the 12-year follow-up period, 2658 deaths were documented. RESULTS: The relative risks of death in drinkers as compared with nondrinkers were 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.93) for women who consumed 1.5 to 4.9 g of alcohol per day (one to three drinks per week), 0.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.98) for those who consumed 5.0 to 29.9 g per day, and 1.19 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.38) for those who consumed 30 g or more per day, after adjustment for other predictors of mortality. Light-to-moderate drinking (1.5 to 29.9 g per day) was associated with a decreased risk of death from cardiovascular disease; heavier drinking was associated with an increased risk of death from other causes, particularly breast cancer and cirrhosis. The benefit associated with light-to-moderate drinking was most apparent among women with risk factors for coronary heart disease and those 50 years of age or older. CONCLUSIONS: Among women, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced mortality rate, but this apparent survival benefit appears largely confined to women at greater risk for coronary heart disease.
Adult↗
Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon and rectal cancer.
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
A prospective study of family history and the risk of colorectal cancer.
BACKGROUND: A family history of colorectal cancer is recognized as a risk factor for the disease. However, as a result of the retrospective design of prior studies, the strength of this association is uncertain, particularly as it is influenced by characteristics of the person at risk and the affected family members. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 32,085 men and 87,031 women who had not previously been examined by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy and who provided data on first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer, diet, and other risk factors for the disease. During the follow-up period, colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 148 men and 315 women. RESULTS: The age-adjusted relative risk of colorectal cancer for men and women with affected first-degree relatives, as compared with those without a family history of the disease, was 1.72 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.34 to 2.19). The relative risk among study participants with two or more affected first-degree relatives was 2.75 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.34 to 5.63). For participants under the age of 45 years who had one or more affected first-degree relatives, the relative risk was 5.37 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.98 to 14.6), and the risk decreased with increasing age (P for trend, < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A family history of colorectal cancer is associated with an increased risk of the disease, especially among younger people.
Adult↗
Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding a retinoblastoma-binding protein with E2F-like properties.
An expression vector was modified to permit the rapid synthesis of purified, 32P-labeled, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-retinoblastoma (RB) fusion proteins. The products were used to screen lambda gt11 expression libraries, from which we cloned a cDNA encoding a polypeptide (RBAP-1) capable of binding directly to a putative functional domain (the pocket) of the retinoblastoma gene product (RB). The RB "pocket" is known to bind, directly or indirectly, to the cellular transcription factor, E2F, implicated in cell growth control. We have found that RBAP-1 copurifies with E2F, interacts specifically with the adenovirus E4 ORF 6/7 protein, binds specifically and directly to a known E2F DNA recognition sequence, and contains a functional tranasactivation domain. Therefore, RBAP-1 is a species of E2F and can bind specifically to the RB pocket.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Physical activity, obesity, height, and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus and elevated postload plasma glucose levels have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in previous studies. By virtue of their influence on insulin resistance, obesity and physical inactivity may increase risk of pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE: To examine obesity, height, and physical activity in relation to pancreatic cancer risk. DESIGN AND SETTING: Two US cohort studies conducted by mailed questionnaire, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (initiated in 1986) and the Nurses' Health Study (initiated in 1976), with 10 to 20 years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 46 648 men aged 40 to 75 years and 117 041 women aged 30 to 55 years who were free of prior cancer at baseline and had complete data on height and weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk of pancreatic cancer, analyzed by self-reported body mass index (BMI), height, and level of physical activity. RESULTS: During follow-up, we documented 350 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Individuals with a BMI of at least 30 kg/m(2) had an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those with a BMI of less than 23 kg/m(2) (multivariable relative risk [RR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.48). Height was associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (multivariable RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.52 for the highest vs lowest categories). An inverse relation was observed for moderate activity (multivariable RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70 for the highest vs lowest categories; P for trend <.001). Total physical activity was not associated with risk among individuals with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m(2) but was inversely associated with risk among individuals with a BMI of at least 25 kg/m(2) (pooled multivariable RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.94 for the top vs bottom tertiles of total physical activity; P for trend =.04). CONCLUSION: In 2 prospective cohort studies, obesity significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer. Physical activity appears to decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer, especially among those who are overweight.
Adult↗
Causes, incidence and classification of mental retardation.
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Humans↗