Acute experimental osteomyelitis and abscesses were induced in the proximal tibia and surrounding soft tissues, respectively, in 67 New Zealand white rabbits. Fifty-three rabbits were injected with a Staphylococcus aureus solution and 26, with sterile saline in tibial medullae and/or surrounding soft tissues. Contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed 7 days after inoculation. Immediately after imaging, the animals were killed and necropsy was performed. MR imaging was more sensitive than CT in the detection of osteomyelitis (94% vs 66%, P less than .025) and abscesses (97% vs 52%, P less than .001). MR imaging was equally specific as CT in the exclusion of osteomyelitis (93% vs 97%, chi 2 = 0) but less specific than CT in the exclusion of abscesses (77% vs 100%, P less than .025). The overall accuracy of MR imaging was somewhat, although not significantly, greater than that of CT in the detection of both osteomyelitis (93% vs 80%) and abscesses (87% vs 75%).

Abscess↗

PubMed1990

Giant synovial cyst associated with a pseudarthrosis of a rib: MR appearance.

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Humans↗

PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical techniques in stereotactic biopsy.

Conventional neuropathological stains, immunocytochemistry and cell culture can be performed on small tissue fragments obtained by stereotactic biopsy. A simple processing technique is described with particular attention to immunocytochemistry. The results of this technique are described for 34 specimens obtained from patients with low- and high-grade gliomas, lymphomas, pineal tumour and benign processes. The application of immunocytochemical techniques is of value in achieving a definitive diagnosis in the small tissue fragments obtained by stereotactic biopsy.

Astrocytoma↗

PubMed1989

Cost-effective development of a computer-assisted instruction system.

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Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1988

Mononuclear cell infiltration in central portions of human astrocytomas.

The mononuclear cell infiltration in the central portion of human low- and high-grade astrocytomas has been examined using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface differentiation antigens. There was no significant difference between the number of T cells, B cells, or macrophages. The OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cell population was the major lymphocyte subset in the infiltrates. There was, however, indirect evidence for a proportion of the total OKT8+ cells being natural killer cells. Overall, there was a significant difference in the number of macrophages compared to the total lymphoid cell population. Several cell types seem to play an equal role in the cellular and humoral immune response within the center of the tumors, as distinct from that occurring at the periphery.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Immunocytochemistry of intracranial meningiomas.

Fifty meningiomas of four major histological types have been examined by immunocytochemical methods applied to formalin fixed paraffin embedded material and using readily available commercial antisera. The expression of GFAP, S100, NSE, vimentin, cytokeratin, fibronectin and desmoplakin was investigated. The majority of tumours contained NSE (86%) and S100 (78%), and all irrespective of histological type, contained vimentin and fibronectin. The epithelial marker cytokeratin was found in 56% of cases, but showed only focal expression. The relevance of these findings to histogenesis and metabolism is discussed and it is suggested that intermediate filament typing provides valuable information on meningiomas structure and function. The possible role of NSE and S100 in meningeal neoplasm is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Cross reactivity of anti-epithelial membrane antigen monoclonal for reactive and neoplastic glial cells.

An anti-epithelial membrane antigen monoclonal (Clone E29) was used as part of a panel of antisera in the investigation of primary CNS and metastatic tumours. In contrast to others, definite and often strongly positive cross-reactivity has been demonstrated on glial cells. The material consisted of fourteen astrocytomas, two ependymomas, six cerebral metastases and two cases of gliosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1986

Thyroid stimulating and gonadotrophic hormones in pituitary adenomas without clinical or serological abnormality.

Forty-three chromophobe adenomas have been examined immunocytochemically for their hormonal content. Twelve cases with full pre-operative normal serum hormonal levels were found to have many positive cells within the tumour for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The specificity of the immunoreactive product within the tissue was checked by immunoabsorption. It is suggested that a non-secreted biologically inactive glycoprotein hormone is produced by tumour clones.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗

PubMed1986

Comparison of smear and imprint techniques for rapid diagnosis in neuro-oncology.

The smear and imprint techniques were applied to brain tumor biopsy specimens and the resultant preparations compared for preservation of architecture and cell morphology. The imprint gave excellent detail of cell morphology and good preservation of architecture, especially in soft tumors. The method has enabled a rapid diagnosis to be made in 100 cases of intracranial lesions and is a valuable complement to smear and cryostat sections.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗

PubMed1985

Immunocytochemistry of folliculo-stellate cells of normal and neoplastic human pituitary gland.

Five normal human pituitaries and 20 pituitary neoplasms were investigated by immunocytochemical methods. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 have been shown in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Both these markers were present in the folliculo-stellate cell. Evidence is presented for the presence of a transitional folliculo-stellate cell which is immunoreactive for S100. The role of the folliculo-stellate cell is discussed.

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein↗

PubMed1984

Reed-Sternberg/lymphocyte rosette: lymphocyte subpopulations as defined by monoclonal antibodies.

The Reed-Sternberg cell/lymphocyte rosette characteristic of Hodgkin's disease tissue and cell suspensions was investigated with monoclonal antibodies on fresh viable cell suspensions prepared from nine cases of Hodgkin's disease. The biopsy material comprised six spleens and three lymph nodes. The majority of the rosetting lymphocytes were T cells, primarily of the helper subset. Some of the attached lymphocytes were suppressor T cells. In addition, a few of the rosetting lymphocytes around Reed-Sternberg cells were B cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1983

The lectin binding affinity of Reed-Sternberg cells.

Reed-Sternberg cells from ten cases of Hodgkin's disease were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique, for their affinity for nine lectins. The surrounding lymphocytes and monocytes of HD tissue were also assessed for their ability to bind lectins. RS cells showed considerable heterogeneity of reaction. Overall, there was a marked decrease in the binding of most of the lectins studied in HD cases as compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This was particularly evident for RCA, PHA and PNA binding. It is suggested that there is a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, with fewer lectin-binding sites on both RS cells and on the mononuclear cell populations in Hodgkin's disease. Further quantitative work is required to verify this.

Blood Cells↗

PubMed1982

The reaction of xenogeneic and monoclonal antisera with Reed-Sternberg cells.

Xenogeneic antisera have been prepared against human monocytes, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. The reactivity of these antisera against a variety of normal and neoplastic cells is described. Reed-Sternberg cells from three cases of Hodgkin's disease failed to react with xenogeneic anti-T and anti-monocyte sera, but reacted with an anti-B serum. A further three cases were examined with monoclonal antibodies. Negative results were obtained with monoclonal anti-T and positive results were given by monoclonal antibodies directed against DR and HLA antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1980

Binding of the chymotrypsin substrate, tryptophan methyl ester, by rat alpha-fetoprotein.

We studied how tryptophan methyl ester and related compounds inhibit binding of estrone to rat alpha-fetoprotein and find that: (a) like chymotrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein binds tryptophan esters with higher affinity than tryptophan or its amides; (b) the affinity of alpha-fetoprotein for tryptophan methyl ester is 3.7 . 10(-4) M, which is close to the affinity of chymotrypsin (10(-4) M); (c) alpha-fetoprotein binding of tryptophan methyl ester is stereoselective and pH dependent. All of these observations suggest that there is a specific interaction between alpha-fetoprotein and the chymotrypsin substrate, tryptophan methyl ester, and that rat alpha-fetoprotein contains a site with some structural similarities to the catalytic site in chymotrypsin. Since we also find that tryptophan methyl ester is a competitive inhibitor of estrone binding to alpha-fetoprotein, it is possible that the protease substrate binding site on alpha-fetoprotein is spatially close to the estrone binding site.

Animals↗