NCAM (CD56)-positive malignant lymphoma.
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Antigens, CD↗
Biomedical subjects
C S Ng
Publications and source records attributed to C S Ng.
Lipid and biochemical changes after low-dose oral contraception.
A randomized double-blind study of the metabolic effects of 2 low-dose combined oral contraceptives was carried out in Singaporean women. The subjects comprised 58 women randomly allocated to two treatment groups (29 each): norethisterone 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms (NET/EE) or levonorgestrel 150 micrograms/ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms (LNG/EE) and a control group of 23 women using intra-uterine devices (IUD). Blood samples were taken on admission and at 3 and 12 months after pills or insertion of IUDs. Fasting glucose levels were decreased while 2h glucose and triglyceride were increased throughout the treatment period in NET/EE group [corrected]. LNG/EE group only showed significant increase of 2h glucose at 12 months and decrease of LDL cholesterol at 3 months while total cholesterol was significantly suppressed at 3 and 12 months [corrected]. The atherogenic index, LDL/HDL cholesterol was significantly reduced by 12 months. Both groups had no change in hemoglobin, hematocrit and total protein levels but alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and aspartate transaminase (SGOT) were suppressed. While NET/EE suppressed albumin significantly, this was not observed with LNG/EE group. However, these differences observed with use of each pill preparations, were not so obvious between treatment groups and control. Changes in total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and SGOT were not significantly different than the IUD group. Furthermore, except for 2h glucose, there was no increase in the number of abnormal parameters after treatment. On the contrary, there was a reduction of abnormal values in most liver function parameters. Thus, except for glucose intolerance, the observed changes in metabolic parameters may not constitute any clinical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
The use of intradepartmental audit to contain cesarean section rate.
In one department practicing critical review of indications for cesarean delivery, the overall LSCS rate was maintained at 12.3%, 11.1%, 11.2% and 11.4% for 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990, respectively. A highly significant (P = 0.0013) reduction of 26.8% was observed in the LSCS rate for cephalo-pelvic disproportion between 1987 and 1990. Perinatal mortality rate per 1000 births remained low at 8.25, 7.05, 9.39 and 5.83 for infants weighing 500 g or more.
Cesarean Section↗
Pathologic changes of gastric mucosa colonized by Helicobacter pylori.
One hundred eighty-nine consecutive gastric biopsies showing colonization by Helicobacter pylori (HP) were studied. Epigastric pain and bleeding were the clinical presentations in 167 cases (88.4%). Major endoscopic findings were gastritis (n = 72, 38.1%) and ulceration (n = 101, 53.4%). Duodenal ulcer was associated with 32 (44.4%) and 29 (28.7%) cases of gastritis and gastric ulcer, respectively. Histologically, the HP-colonized gastric epithelium showed characteristic degenerative changes that were topographically related to the bacteria but unrelated to the inflammatory infiltrate. Disintegration and loss of apical mucus with formation of epithelial pits was seen in nearly all cases. Other changes included microerosion, conventional erosion, and frank ulceration. Only the disintegration of apical mucus, epithelial pit, and microerosion were specific for HP colonization. These conditions were absent in areas not colonized by HP and in 79 consecutive HP-negative gastric biopsies seen during the same study period. The epithelial degenerative changes in HP-colonized gastric mucosa are easy to recognize in routine hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and they could serve as histologic guides to the localization of the bacteria. It is proposed that HP-colonized gastric mucosa is a distinct pathologic entity with a pathologic spectrum ranging from active chronic gastritis to erosion and frank ulcer. Damage to the mucin-containing portion of the gastric epithelial cells appears to be the basic cytopathologic effect of HP on the gastric mucosa. As effective specific treatment for HP infection is available, identification of HP colonization in gastric biopsies should be attempted in all cases of gastritis and gastric ulcer.
Adolescent↗
CD56 (NKH1)-positive hematolymphoid malignancies: an aggressive neoplasm featuring frequent cutaneous/mucosal involvement, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and angiocentricity.
CD56 (NKH1) expression is a rare phenomenon in malignant lymphomas, mostly confined to those occurring in the nasal or nasopharyngeal region. In this study we provide a detailed clinicopathologic analysis of nine patients with CD56-positive hematolymphoid malignancies occurring in sites other than the upper aerodigestive tract. The disease occurred predominantly in young and middle-aged men (mean age, 40 years) who often presented with swinging fever, skin rash, and/or hepatosplenomegaly, usually in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy. There was frequent involvement of the skin and mucosal sites, such as the salivary gland, lungs, and small intestine. The disease pursued a highly aggressive course, with most patients dying within weeks despite cytotoxic therapy. Although the cytologic appearances and immunophenotypic profile varied from case to case, the group of tumors could be unified by two morphologic features, namely, the presence of azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells and the frequent occurrence of angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltrates. Since CD56 reactivity appears to confer a poor prognosis in hematolymphoid malignancies, we recommended inclusion of CD56 antibody in the routine panel for immunophenotypic analysis.
Adult↗
Efficacy of ivermectin against Parastrongylus malaysiensis infection in rats.
The efficacy of ivermectin on experimental infections of P. malaysiensis in rats was determined. Ivermectin was 99.4% and 97.9% effective at a dosage of 400 meg and 800 meg respectively at seven days post-infection. The same two dosages of ivermectin when given at 14 days post infection had an efficacy of 100%. However, as an adulticide it had only 40.7% efficacy. Ivermectin may therefore be useful for the treatment of parastrongyliasis due to the larval stages of the worm which can cause significant pathology in man and animals.
Angiostrongylus↗
Factors related to the final visual outcome of 425 patients with traumatic hyphema.
A retrospective study of the visual outcome of 425 in-patients with traumatic hyphaema has been conducted. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that after adjusting for age, sex and pre-existing poor vision, the size of hyphaema on presentation and the presence of retinal damage were significant predictors of a worse final visual outcome (p = 0.00003 and 0.00001 respectively). Topical steroid and/or cycloplegic medication, and the occurrence of secondary haemorrhage did not influence the final visual outcome after adjustment for the other variables. These data illustrate, in an unselected sequential population of patients, the role of these factors in terms of final visual outcome following hyphaema from blunt ocular trauma.
Eye Injuries↗
Factors related to the incidence of secondary haemorrhage in 462 patients with traumatic hyphema.
In a retrospective study of 462 in-patients with traumatic hyphema, secondary haemorrhage occurred in 8.7% of patients. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the size of hyphaema on presentation and the presence of retinal damage did not affect the probability of secondary haemorrhage. The incidence of secondary haemorrhage was found to decrease by approximately half with the use of topical steroid (p = 0.005), but did not appear to be influenced by the use of cycloplegics. These data indicate in an unselected sequential population of patients, the therapeutic importance of topical steroid in the treatment of blunt ocular trauma.
Administration, Topical↗
Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma of bone.
Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that rarely presents primarily in the bone. Three such cases are reported. All patients were young and had bone pain; one had paraparesis as a complication of collapse of the thoracic vertebral body. The involvement was either monostotic or polyostotic. Radiologically, the lesions were lytic and had ill-defined borders. Histologically, the large neoplastic cells had pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant deeply amphophilic cytoplasm, and paranuclear pale hof. They were admixed with variable numbers of inflammatory cells. One case each was of T-cell, B-cell, and non-T non-B lineage. All three cases showed excellent responses to chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Recognizing the lymphomatous nature of this highly pleomorphic tumor is important because of its potential curability with appropriate chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma involving bone marrow: marrow findings and association with reactive hemophagocytosis.
This report describes the bone marrow findings in four patients whose marrow was involved by anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma, an uncommon event in this type of lymphoma. In the marrow aspirate smears, the involvement was subtle, and was in the form of isolated large cells with irregular nuclear configuration, coarse chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and basophilic cytoplasm which might be vacuolated. One case showed paradoxically massive involvement in the trephine biopsy taken from the same site as the marrow aspirate. Reactive histiocytic proliferation with hemophagocytosis was also present. Since marrow aspirate or biopsy may be the first pathologic specimen examined in patients having anaplastic large-cell Ki-1 lymphoma, it is important to be able to recognize the small population of neoplastic cells, which should lead to prompt treatment or further investigations as deemed necessary.
Adolescent↗
Ki-1-positive large cell lymphoma.
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Antigens, Differentiation↗
Erythroleukaemia-associated haemophagocytic syndrome.
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Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell↗
Malignant lymphoma with myxoid stroma: a new pattern in need of recognition.
We report a case of malignant lymphoma in the soft tissues exhibiting prominent myxoid stromal changes and cord-like cellular arrangement, mimicking the architectural as well as cytological features of myxoid chondrosarcoma, except for the absence of tumour lobulation. The only clue to the possible lymphomatous nature of the lesion was the past history of lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed that this represented a B-cell lymphoma, staining positively for leucocyte common antigen and five B-lineage markers L26, MB2, B1 (CD20), B4 (CD19) and To15 (CD22). We conclude that malignant lymphoma should not be excluded from consideration when one encounters a myxoid tumour.
Adult↗
Epithelial damage by Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcers.
On review of 136 consecutive biopsies of benign gastric ulcer, Helicobacter pylori was detected in 78 cases (57.3%). The gastric epithelium colonized by Helicobacter pylori showed a characteristic constellation of changes, including loss of apical mucous portion of individual cells, drop-out of epithelial cells, epithelial pits, erosions and cellular tufts, indicative of cellular injury and regeneration. Among the 58 Helicobacter-negative cases, similar changes were not observed in the ulcer edges, except for two cases which exhibited some cellular tufts. Thus, the topographic association of Helicobacter pylori with epithelial damage in the gastric ulcer edges in more than half of the cases suggests that this organism probably plays an aetiological role in ulcerogenesis, at least in these cases. Furthermore, the epithelial changes are so distinctive that they can serve as a helpful histological indicator for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies.
Adult↗
Verrucous carcinoma of the cervix.
Verrucous carcinoma of the cervix is a very rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma at this site. We report such a case in an 80-year-old woman because it presented difficulties with diagnosis and was successfully treated by vaginal hysterectomy.
Aged↗
A comparative study of the effects of a monophasic and a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
A comparative study of the effects of a monophasic and a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG) on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was conducted on 45 Singapore women under the WHO Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction. The women were randomly allocated to one of the two pill groups--a triphasic preparation containing low doses of LNG and EE in various proportions and a monophasic preparation of 150 micrograms LNG and 30 micrograms EE, and an additional 18 women, choosing to use IUDs, were recruited as controls. Blood samples were taken at admission, 3 and 12 months thereafter. For both pill groups, total cholesterol decreased with duration of use, while HDL cholesterol decreased slightly at 3 months and thereafter increased. LDL cholesterol decreased slightly at 3 months, returning to baseline at 12 months for the monophasic group, while remaining unchanged at 12 months for the triphasic group. The monophasic preparation appeared to lower total, LDL and HDL cholesterols to a greater extent at 3 months than the triphasic preparation. Compared with IUD users, for the monophasic group, both total and HDL cholesterols were significantly lower at 3 months and HDL and LDL cholesterols were lower at 12 months. In addition, ratios of HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol were significantly lower at 12 months. Changes in triglycerides were minimal for both pill groups. However, at 3 months, triglycerides for the triphasic group were significantly higher than the IUD users, but this observation was not of any clinical importance since comparison of changes with their respective pretreatment values were not statistically significant. These results indicate that these changes are related to the dosage and estrogen-progestogen ratio of the preparation. Furthermore, the monophasic preparation may have a disadvantage over the triphasic preparation since it appears to cause more disturbance in lipid metabolism. However, it is noted that these changes in lipids and lipoproteins were minimal and did not appear to be of any clinical significance.
Adolescent↗
Azurophilic granules in lymphomas immunoreactive for natural killer cell markers.
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Azure Stains↗
Refractory parastomal ulcers: a multidisciplinary approach.
Chronic parastomal ulcers in patients with ileostomy or colostomy stomas are unusual. Previous reports have implicated infections, fistulas, recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pyoderma gangrenosum, and trauma. Over the past 8 years we have evaluated 10 cases of such refractory parastomal ulcers that occurred at a mean of 11 years after stomal surgery. Eight patients had had an ileostomy for IBD while two had undergone colostomy for colon cancer. Five patients with IBD were diagnosed as having pyoderma gangrenosum ulcerations. They required systemic treatment for a mean of 25 weeks to effect ulcer healing. The other five patients had either parastomal ulcers on the basis of dermatoses (contact dermatitis, eczema, or bullous pemphigoid) or contact ulcers due to face-plate pressure and parastomal dermatitis. These patients received topical treatment with healing of ulcers in a mean of 4 weeks. We conclude that parastomal ulcers occurring in patients without IBD or IBD patients without classic pyoderma gangrenosum require early dermatologic evaluation as they respond relatively quickly to appropriate local therapy.
Chronic Disease↗