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Biomedical subjects

C S Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to C S Rogers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Safety, efficacy, and cost of intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated, in a randomized controlled trial, the safety and effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion of washed salvaged red blood cells after first-time coronary artery bypass grafting performed on the beating heart. METHODS: Sixty-one patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were prospectively randomized to autotransfusion (n = 30; receiving autotransfused washed blood from intraoperative cell salvage) or control (n = 31; receiving homologous blood only as blood-replacement therapy). Homologous blood was given according to unit protocols. RESULTS: The groups were well matched with respect to demographic and comorbid characteristics. Patients in the autotransfusion group had a significantly higher 24-hour postoperative hemoglobin concentration (11.9 g/dL; SD, 1.41 g/dL) than those in the control group (10.5 g/dL; SD, 1.37 g/dL) (mean difference, 1.02 g/dL; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-0.44 g/dL; P = .0007), as well as a 20% reduction in the frequency of homologous blood product use (11/31 vs 5/30; P = .095). Autotransfusion of washed red blood cells was not associated with any derangement of thromboelastograph values or laboratory measures of clotting pathway function (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels), increased postoperative bleeding, fluid requirements, or adverse clinical events. There was no statistical difference between groups in the total operation, hospitalization, and management costs per patient (median difference, USD 1015.90; 95% confidence interval, -USD 2260 to USD 206; P = .11). Conclusions Intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion was associated with higher postoperative hemoglobin concentrations, a modest reduction in transfusion requirements, no adverse clinical or coagulopathic effects, and no significant increase in cost compared with controls. This study supports its routine use in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of ibuprofen on airway vascular response to cotton smoke injury.

We studied the effects of ibuprofen on bronchial blood flow and myocardial function after inhalation injury. Sheep (n = 12) were chronically instrumented with cardiovascular and pulmonary catheters. After 5 days of recovery period, baseline data were collected and the sheep were divided into two groups. Group S (n = 6) were insufflated with 48 breaths of cotton smoke; while group I (n = 6) were pretreated with ibuprofen (12mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/h continuous infusion for 24 h) and challenged with the same dose of smoke. All the animals were studied for 24h. Bronchial blood flow increased significantly in both groups throughout the experimental period; while stroke volume as well as right and left ventricular stroke work indices of both groups were significantly decreased (group I worse than group S) in the second half of the experimental period. These data suggest that vasodilatory prostaglandins do not play a major role in the bronchial vascular response to smoke inhalation injury and myocardial depression seen post injury is worse in animals treated with ibuprofen.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of hypertonic saline dextran resuscitation on oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and lipid peroxidation after burn injury.

We compared the effects of lactated Ringer's (LR) and hypertonic saline dextran (HSD) on postburn cardiovascular function, O2 consumption, lipid peroxidation, and bacterial translocation. Miniature pigs with 40% total body surface area (TBSA), third-degree burns received, 30 minutes postburn, either Parkland resuscitation (LR group, n = 8) or HSD, 10 mL/kg/30 minutes, followed by LR, 4 mL/kg/%burn over the next 23 hours (HSD group, n = 8). The HSD prevented the early decrease in cardiac index (CI); the early increase in the resistance of the systemic, mesenteric, celiac, and renal vascular beds; and the decrease in mesenteric O2 consumption seen after burns when LR alone is used for resuscitation. The HSD also moderated the systemic and mesenteric lipid peroxidation. Bacterial translocation was less in the HSD group (3 of 8 animals) compared with the LR group (5 of 8 animals), but was not statistically different. Hypertonic saline dextran may be beneficial in improving the postburn microcirculation and attenuating postburn oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in the systemic tissues and the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor release in an ovine model of endotoxemia.

We have previously reported an increase in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in an ovine model of endotoxemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if this IR-ANF release was mediated by the increase of right atrial pressure (RAP) and right heart volumes concomitantly observed following endotoxin (LPS) administration. We studied right ventricular function, renal blood flow (RBF), urinary output (UO), urinary clearance of free water (CH20), urinary osmolality (UOSM), sodium excretion (UENA), and the plasma IR-ANF concentration (radioimmunoassay), following the administration of an E. coli LPS bolus (1 microgram/kg) with (group O, n = 8) and without (group E, n = 10) pretreatment with OKY-046, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. LPS induced early increases in RAP, right ventricular end-systolic (RVESV) and end-diastolic (RVEDV) volumes, heart rate (HR), and IR-ANF, and delayed increases in RBF, UO, and CH20. OKY-046 prevented the elevation of RAP, RVEDV, and RVESV; however, both groups showed virtually identical increases in IR-ANF (E: 20.03 +/- 3.8 to 192.33 +/- 35.47 pg/ml, O: 17.9 +/- 4.1 to 159.5 +/- 23 pg/ml) as well as an increase of HR, RBF, UO, and CH20. The increase in IR-ANF release noted following the administration of LPS in an ovine model does not appear to be related to the early elevations in right heart volumes or atrial distension.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bleaching in reef corals: Physiological and stable isotopic responses.

During the late summer to fall of 1987, Caribbean reef corals experienced an intense and widespread discoloration event described as bleaching. Contrary to initial predictions, most bleached corals did not die. However, energy input from zooxanthellae decreased, as estimated from: (i) delta(13)C values, a measure of the discrimination against (13)C in (12)C/(13)C assimilation, of skeletal aragonite; (ii) in situ photosynthesis-irradiance measurements; (iii) and tissue biomass parameters of Montastraea annularis and Agaricia lamarcki. The delta(18)O signal, a measure of the discrimination against (18)O in (16)O/(18)O assimilation, from M. annularis skeletons demonstrated that this event coincided with abnormally elevated water temperatures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Smoking cessation counseling by resident physicians in internal medicine, family practice, and pediatrics.

Residents in primary care specialties care for many patients who smoke cigarettes, but little is known about their smoking cessation counseling (SCC). We surveyed 309 residents (72 family practice, 171 internal medicine, and 66 pediatrics residents) in 13 programs to determine their practices, knowledge, attitudes, and training in SCC. More than 90% thought physicians are responsible for SCC, the majority routinely took smoking histories, and 80% attempted to motivate patients to quit smoking. However, 25% or fewer reported discussing obstacles to quitting, setting a quit date, prescribing nicotine gum, scheduling follow-up visits, or providing self-help materials. Family practice residents used more SCC techniques (1.8) than did internal medicine (0.8) and pediatrics (0.1) residents. Only 54% of residents reported recent SCC training and 13% reported formal SCC training. Recent training correlated with the number of counseling techniques used. Residents in primary care specialties report positive attitudes but inadequate practice and training in SCC.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Acute airway compromise due to tracheal mucocele.

Two cases of patients with acute airway compromise due to benign tracheal mucocele are presented. In each, the diagnosis was made by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Each patient developed the acute episode at 12 months of age following an upper airway infection. The mucoceles were "unroofed" and drained through rigid bronchoscopes. Both patients had been intubated following premature birth; trauma to the tracheal mucosa is proposed as the etiologic factor in the development of these mucoceles.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Children's cognitive concepts of obesity: a developmental study.

Children's thoughts about human fatness were studied in interviews with children (n = 96) of three age groups (4-5 years, 8-9 years, and 12-13 years). Using a Piagetian theoretical framework, tasks were devised to measure concepts of body identity and causes of obesity which could be compared to measures of physical conservation and physical causality. Older children demonstrated higher levels of reasoning on all tasks than did younger children, with significant differences between each age group for each of four tasks (P less than 0.001). Correlations between tasks were high across all subjects but moderate within age groups. Body identity was understood at higher levels than was physical conservation (P less than 0.0001) among only the youngest group. The levels of understanding causes of fatness and of other natural physical events were not different in the youngest group. However, physical causality was understood and at a higher level than obesity causality among both the 8- to 9-year-olds (P less than 0.0001) and 12- to 13-year-olds (P less than 0.0001). Body identity and obesity causality scores were significantly different only among 12- to 13-year-olds at which time identity scores were higher (P less than 0.003). Physical causality was understood at higher levels than physical conservation among all age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Atrial septation in the rat. I. A light microscopic and histochemical study.

Light microscopy and histochemistry consisting of alcian blue staining were utilized to study atrial septation in the albino rat heart. Light microscopy shows septum primum to develop from the dorsocranial wall of the primitive atrium by day 12.50. Foramen secundum rapidly develops in the ventrocranial portion of septum primum during day 13.00. A second septum appears to the right of septum primum in the rat as the foramen secundum increases in size. The first evidence of septum secundum can be noted on histologic preparations as a small rounded bulge extending into the right atrium from the ventrocranial wall. This occurs at day 14.50. This septum continues to enlarge but does not fuse with the endocardial cushions as does septum primum. Alcian blue staining shows the presence of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) concentrated heavily in the leading edge of the 12.50 day septum primum. GAGs are also present during foramen secundum formation in areas where endocardial cells aggregate. As development progresses, GAGs diminish in all areas of septum primum. Of particular interest is an area of intense alcian blue staining in the wall of the right atrium ventral and caudal to septum secundum development. This appears in histologic preparations of 13.50 and 14.50 day rat hearts.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1986

Atrial septation in the rat. II. An electron microscopic study.

The purpose of this investigation is to examine the process of atrial septation in the embryonic rat heart utilizing scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. SEM shows septum primum, the first partition to develop, to extend from the dorsocranial wall of the primitive atrium by day 12.50. This begins the division of the common chamber into right and left portions. As septum primum grows foramen primum decreases in size and a second interatrial communication develops. Foramen secundum rapidly develops in the ventrocranial portion of septum primum during days 13.00 through 15.50. TEM studies of septum primum in the area of foramen secundum formation demonstrate that foramen formation is accomplished through transseptal communications established by cellular processes of rounded-up endocardial cells. These extensions protrude into the septal core isolating the septal tissue into small cords and the size of foramen secundum is increased. Areas of extremely dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum are prominent in the rounded-up endocardial cells and have a characteristic honeycomb appearance. No evidence of cell death is seen. A second septum develops to the right of septum primum and scanning electron micrographs show it to be a definitive partition by 16.50 days. At the fine structural level, elongated endocardial cells cover a center of myocytes containing many myofibrils, ribosomes and mitochondria.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Morphogenesis of the venous valves in the rat heart. I. Light and scanning electron microscopy.

Hearts from rat embryos ranging from 12.5 days gestation through birth were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. Both valves of the sinus venosus are very prominent structures in the right atrium of the developing rat heart. The right venous valve is large and undulating and extends to the right atrioventricular canal. Many nodules are apparent on the surface of this valve by the thirteenth day. These nodules decrease in number as development progresses. The left venous valve is considerably smaller than the right. Neither valve shows signs of regression, and just prior to birth, both valves are very prominent. The right valve is so large that it almost divides the right atrium into two chambers. Based on these observations the rat may serve as a model for cor triatriatum dexter.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

External responsiveness to food and non-food cues among obese and non-obese children.

External responsiveness to food and non-food cues was studied among 112 obese and 134 non-obese children ranging in age from 42 to 156 months. Subjects viewed five food and five non-food items and stated a preference between an immediate smaller and a delayed larger choice. Young (ages 3-5 years) children's abilities to delay gratification were significantly lower than were those of school children, a finding consistent with research on delay of gratification. Obese subjects at both ages had lower delay scores for immediate gratification on food items than did non-obese subjects. The delay scores of obese and non-obese subjects on non-food items were not significantly different from each other. Results were discussed in terms of the ontogeny of externality.

Adolescent↗