Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C S Smith.
Placenta percreta is a rare complication of pregnancy in which the chorionic villi penetrate through the myometrium causing uterine rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage. Bladder invasion by the villi is unusual and may be associated with hematuria and low abdominal pain during midterm pregnancy.
Tissue demonstration of cytomegalovirus (CMV) within the male genital tract has rarely been reported. We present a case of extensive CMV prostatitis in a homosexual patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dying of disseminated CMV infection.
Experience with three prenatally diagnosed pregnancies complicated by an acardiac twin reveals that ultrasonography and echocardiography are helpful in detecting early signs of in-utero congestive heart failure in the normal twin. The use of Doppler blood flow analysis to determine direction of blood flow, post-mortem placental and fetal angiography, and umbilical cord blood gas determination provided proof that retrograde arterial perfusion occurs in the acardiac fetus. In a fourth pregnancy, an experimental approach to occlude the acardiac twin's umbilical cord was attempted, but was unsuccessful.
The fidelity of an English-to-Japanese translation of a circadian rhythm questionnaire was examined through simultaneous factor analysis in several populations (Jöreskog, 1971a). Results indicate significant differences in item responses between populations, although between-population convergence was obtained on one factor. Back translations revealed both major and minor content discrepancies between the original and translated scales, which preclude clearly separating linguistic or semantic and population differences in item responses. Within-population results based on classic measurement techniques were compared with results based on structural equation techniques (in the American sample only); each technique led to different data-based conclusions. On the basis of the structural equation results, refinements in the source (English) scale items are suggested.
Particle beam high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) parameters were optimized for the sensitive analysis of several drugs in agricultural products such as milk and tissue. Sensitivity of the particle beam interface was greatest for solvents with low heat capacities (methanol greater than acetonitrile greater than isopropanol greater than water). Furthermore, optimal sensitivity was obtained at low solvent flow rates (about 0.4-0.6 ml min-1). Parameters such as desolvation temperature, helium flow rate to the nebulizer and nebulizer position resulted in minimal change in sensitivity. The source temperature was optimized to obtain suitable vaporization with minimal thermal degradation (200-300 degrees C). The determination of a variety of compounds (including beta-lactams, cephapirin, tetracyclines, methylene blue, furosemide, spectinomycin, cytidine, 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzamide and thiamine) was possible using the particle beam interface. Under full-scan conditions, detection limits were in the 100 ng range for most drugs. With selected ion monitoring, particle beam HPLC/MS was demonstrated for the analysis of p.p.m. levels of these drugs in milk and tissue extracts. Precision of the particle beam analysis was usually better than 15% RSD. For the same compounds, HPLC/MS with a thermospray interface often resulted in less structural information (single ion spectra) then obtained by particle beam with thermospray detection limits varying from 10 ng to 1 microgram.
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1. Biochemical properties of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from d. melanogaster have been investigated. 2. The enzyme is stable below 4 degrees C. 3. the pH optimum of the enzyme is 5.7. It is rapidly inactivated below pH 5.4. 4. The Km values for NADPH and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate are 1.6 x 10-5 and 2.5 x 10-6 M, respectively. 5. the estimated molecular weight of the enzyme is 225,000. 6. the enzyme is weakly inhibited by L-proline (Ki = 0.12 M).
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The management, investigation and treatment of 12 children with precocious puberty is described. Danazol, a synthetic derivative of ethisterone, has been used over a period of 3 1/2 years. Its clinical, endocrine and biochemical effects have been evaluated. Danazol ha a very useful clinical effect in controlling the development of secondary sexual features but does not modify the rapid linear growth and skeletal maturity seen in this condition.
This study compared the responses of CFW and CFI mice to concanavalin A (con A) and the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis. There were marked similarities between these two agents with regard to systems implicated in induced histamine sensitivity. Con A, like HSF, induces the sensitivity in CFW but not in CFI mice. The sensitizing agents both require the same time for optimum sensitization, both induce cutaneous sensitivities to histamine, and the mice are protected from the induced susceptibility of both agents by epinephrine and by desensitization with serotonin. They differed in that con A did not induce the systemic susceptibility to serotonin or to combined histamine and serotonin which is produced by HSF. The major difference related to mechanisms of action was the failure of con A to induce a systemic beta-adrenergic blockade, the block of which is manifested in HSF-treated CFW and CFI mice by the inhibition of an epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. The resistance of beta-blocked CFI mice to histamine, and the susceptibility to histamine of the unblocked CFW mice sensitized with con A, is inconsistent with the theory that susceptibility results from a systemic adrenergic imbalance, but does not preclude a local adrenergic effect as the common element in histamine-sensitizing agents.
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A large-scale multicenter investigation was undertaken in 3 cities with comparable pollen seasons and atmospheric pollen concentrations in order to obtain more definite information about the safety and efficacy of cromolyn sodium in the treatment of pollen-induced seasonal rhinitis. The 9-wk double-blind study was conducted in 104 patiets in Pittsburgh, Pa., Cleveland, Ohio, and Louisville, Ky., during the 1975 ragweed season. It indicated that a nebulized 4% aqueous solution of cromolyn sodium is effective in reducing sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and ocular irritation in ragweed hay fever patients. The efficacy of the drug was notable despite the fact that patients used an average of 52 mg instead of the recommended 62.4 mg daily. Cromolyn sodium did not appear to have a significant effect on transseasonal antiragweed IgE (IgEAR) levels. Patients acceptance of the cromolyn nasal solution was good, and there were no significant adverse reactions. The side effects, which were distributed equally between the drug and placebo groups, were mild and of limited duration.
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