Compression of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve: an unusual cause of pure motor neuropathy and hand wasting.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
C Sarada
Publications and source records attributed to C Sarada.
A case of sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease with anterior visual pathway involvement.
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Blindness↗
Iatrogenic meningitis after lumbar puncture-a preventable health hazard.
Iatrogenic meningitis (IM) is a rare complication of diagnostic and therapeutic lumbar puncture (LP). This study includes cases of IM managed in the Departments of Neurology, of two referral hospitals, in India between January 1984 and April 2002. The diagnosis of IM was made when symptoms of meningitis occurred 24 h to 21 days after LP. All the procedures were performed in the peripheral hospitals before they were referred to the two centres. There were 17(63%) women and 10(37%) men. The age range was 19-50 years with a mean age of 31. The precipitating event was spinal anaesthesia for pelvic and intra-abdominal surgeries (Caesarean section 11 cases, hysterectomy three cases, herniorraphy two cases, appendicectomy two cases, anal fissurectomy one case, varicocelectomy one case and hydrocelectomy one case) laminectomy in two and diagnostic myelogram in four patients. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive in six (22%) patients. The organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one case, Staphylococcus aureus in three cases, Acinetobacter spp. in one case and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in one case. In five individuals, mycotic aneurysms with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to invasive aspergillosis was documented at autopsy. The mean follow-up was 10.6 months (range 1-18). Seventeen (63%) patients received conventional antibiotics alone, while 10 patients received antibiotics and anti-tuberculous drugs when the meningitis became chronic. The mortality was 36%. The poor prognostic factors were women who underwent Caesarean section (P < 0.04) presence of hemiplegia (P < 0.04) and altered mental status (P < 0.0004). This study shows high morbidity and mortality of IM after LP. Simple aseptic precautions under- taken before the procedure can prevent IM. The urgent need for increasing the awareness among medical personnel in peripheral hospitals of developing countries cannot be over emphasized.
Adult↗
Satoyoshi syndrome.
Satoyoshi syndrome (Komuragaeri disease) is a rare disorder of presumed autoimmune etiology, characterized by painful muscle spasms, alopecia, diarrhea, endocrinopathy with amenorrhoea and secondary skeletal abnormalities. Most of the previous reports are of the Japanese people. We report the first case from India.
Adult↗
Decontamination of nitrogenous toxicants from brackish water using plant and animal extracts.
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Ammonia↗
Detection of heat stable mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid by Dot-Immunobinding assay.
BACKGROUND: Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is infrequent and carries low sensitivity. Thus development of an alternative laboratory diagnostic test is essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of TBM. OBJECTIVE: A simple, rapid Dot immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba), for the laboratory diagnosis of TBM is devised. This method minimizes the risk of handling infectious material in the laboratory. METHOD: The Dot-Iba was standardized with heat-inactivated M tuberculosis antigen (PPD). The heat-inactivated CSF from TBM and non-TBM patients was similarly assayed and it can detect antigen upto 1ng/ml in CSF. RESULT: A positive result was obtained in all the five culture positive patients with TBM and in 20/25 probable TBM. A negative result was obtained in 38/40 CSF from disease control group. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Dot-Iba was 83.3% and 95% respectively. CONCLUSION: Dot-Iba can be used as an adjunct for the laboratory diagnosis of TBM, particularly in culture negative TBM patients and also in those clinical situations where no laboratory tests are available to distinguish between TBM and partially treated pyogenic meningitis.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
A comparative evaluation of dot immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
The results of a Dot immunobinding assay (Dot Iba) for the detection of mycobacterial antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 45 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) were compared with the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In eight patients with culture proven TBM, Dot-Iba gave positive results, while PCR yielded positive results only in six patients. The overall sensitivities of Dot-Iba and PCR in 37 patients with culture negative (probable) TBM were 75.67% and 40.5% respectively. Dot-Iba, in contrast to PCR is a rapid and relatively easier method. More importantly, Dot-Iba is suitable for the routine application for the laboratory diagnosis of TBM and therefore best suited to laboratories in the developing world.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Immunocytochemical method for early laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
A simple immunocytochemical method was standardized for the direct demonstration of mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). CSF-cytospin smears were prepared from 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TBM and also from an equal number of patients with nontuberculous neurological diseases (disease control). Immunocytological demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of monocytoid cells was attempted, by using rabbit immunoglobulin G to Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the primary antibody. Of the 22 CSF-cytospin smears from TBM patients, 16 showed positive immunostaining, while all of the CSF-cytospin smears from the disease control showed negative immunostaining for mycobacterial antigen. The technical aspects of this immunocytological method for the demonstration of mycobacterial antigens are simple, rapid, and reproducible, as well as specific, and therefore can be applied for the early diagnosis of TBM, particularly in patients in whom bacteriological methods did not demonstrate the presence of M. tuberculosis in the CSF.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
A newer approach for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
In this prospective study, a simple method was standardized for measuring circulating mycobacterial antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The heat-inactivated CSF specimens from tuberculous and non-tuberculous patients were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) (SDS-PAGE) and they were subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) Using a rabbit polyvalent antibody to M tuberculosis, a heat stable 82 kDa mycobacterial antigen was demonstrated in the CSFs of patients with TBM. This antigen was conspicuous by its absence in the CSFs of non-tuberculous subjects. Due to inactivation of CSF specimens, there is a minimal risk of handling of infectious material in the laboratory. Besides, this newer approach is simple, inexpensive and can be readily applied in any routine clinical laboratory and it is particularly suited to developing countries.
Animals↗
Serological diagnosis of human brucellosis: analysis of seven cases with neurological and cardiological manifestations.
Serum Tube Agglutination (STA) test was used as routine test to detect antibrucellar antibodies in diagnosis of brucella infection in sera (n = 75) and CSF (n = 14) from 78 patients with neurological (n = 60) and cardiological (n = 15) complaints in whom brucellosis was suspected, over a period of two and a half years from January, 1997 to July 1999. Seven (neurological-six and cardiac-one) serum samples (9.33%) were positive by STA, while none of the CSFs were positive. STA titres ranged from 1:10 to 1:1280. We report the findings of these seven cases with neurological and cardiac manifestations in whom STA were found positive. Treatment was accomplished in two cases (neurological-one and cardiac-one), while remaining five cases either were treated empirically with antitubercular treatment or lost for follow up. However these reported cases should alert clinicians to investigate for Brucella infection in cases of pyrexia of unknown origin and this condition in cases of chronic meningitis with unproven aetiology.
Adolescent↗
Differential formation of octadecadienoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid products in control and injured/infected potato tubers.
Lipoxygenases in plants have been implicated in the activation of defense responses against injury/infection. Pathogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and their metabolites have been shown to elicit defense responses against pathogen infection in plants. However, not much is known about the role of host-derived fatty acids and their metabolites in plant defense responses. In this study, isolation and characterisation of endogenous lipoxygenase metabolites formed in potato tubers in response to injury/infection was undertaken. While 9-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HPODE), derived from octadecdienoic acid (linoleic acid) is the major lipoxygenase product formed in control potato tubers, 9-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid (9-HPOTrE), derived from octadecatrienoic acid (alpha-linolenic acid) is the major lipoxygenase product formed in potato tubers in response to injury or infection with Rhizoctonia bataticola. As a result, the relative ratio of 9-HPODE to 9-HPOTrE showed a shift from 4:1 in control to 1:2 and 1:4.5 in injured and infected potato tubers respectively. From this study, it is proposed that lipoxygenase metabolites of octadecadienoic acid may be involved in physiological responses under control conditions, while octadecatrienoic acid metabolites are mediating the defense responses. This forms the first report on the differential formation of endogenous lipoxygenase products in potato tubers under control and stress conditions.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by a dot-immunobinding assay.
In this study, a dot-immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba) was standardized to measure circulating antimycobacterial antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Specific CSF-IgG antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a culture proven patient with TBM was isolated and coupled with activated Cynogen bromide-Sepharose 4B. Using an immunoabsorbent affinity chromatography, 14 kDa antigen present in the culture filtrates of M. tuberculosis was isolated and this antigen was used in the Dot-Iba, to quantitate specific antimycobacterial antibodies in CSF specimens. The Dot-Iba gave positive results in all the 5 culture proven patients with TBM and gave no false positive results in CSFs from patients with partially treated pyogenic meningitis. Dot-Iba developed in our laboratory is a simple, rapid and specific method and more importantly suited for the routine application in laboratories with limited resources.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Fulminant cerebral infarction in a patient with nephrotic syndrome.
Fulminant cerebral infarction secondary to arterial thrombosis in adults with nephrotic syndrome is rare. We report a 42 year old male with fulminant right anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery infarction. Minimal change disease of the kidney was documented by renal biopsy. The possible pathogenesis is discussed and pertinent literature reviewed.
Adult↗
Significance of circulating immune complexes in myasthenia gravis.
In this study, circulating immune complexes (CICs) were isolated and characterized in the sera of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with thymoma and MG patients without any thymic lesions. High titres of antistriational antibodies in the CICs were demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) method in 60 per cent (15/25) MG patients with thymoma. The CICs showed a steady decrease in these 15 patients during the post thymectomy period. Antistriational antibodies in the CICs of MG patients without thymic lesions were not detected by IF method. The results of this study emphasised the usefulness of estimation of CICs in the overall management of MG patients with thymoma.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against acid soluble skeletal muscle antigen in myasthenia gravis.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system has been developed for measuring serum antibodies against citric-acid extract of human skeletal muscles. With this assay, 80% of myasthenia patients with thymoma gave positive results. No sera from patients with neurological diseases other than myasthenia gravis (MG) gave positive results. The result of this study indicates that the ELISA system is useful as an adjunct for the diagnosis of MG particularly in the patients associated with thymoma and that the ELISA method can also be used as a prognostic marker following thymectomy in patients with MG.
Adolescent↗
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by a dot immunobinding assay To detect mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
In the present prospective study, a dot immunobinding assay (Dot-Iba) was standardized to measure the circulating mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Immunoglobulin G antibody specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a CSF specimen from a patient with culture-proven TBM was isolated and was coupled with activated cyanogen bromide-Sepharose 4B. By immunosorbent affinity chromatography, a 14-kDa antigen was isolated from the culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis. Antibody to the 14-kDa mycobacterial antigen was raised in rabbits. The Dot-Iba in this study gave no false-positive results with CSF specimens from patients with nontuberculous neurological diseases. The assay gave positive results for all five patients with culture-proven TBM. The Dot-Iba described in the present report is simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, and, more importantly, suitable for routine application in laboratories in developing countries.
Animals↗
Response to thymectomy in South Indian patients with myasthenia gravis.
AIMS: The rate of remission among patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) following thymectomy and the predictors of the outcome have revealed vast variation in studies from different geographic regions raising suspicion about the influence of ethnic factors. MATERIAL & METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 71 South Indian MG patients who were thymectomized between 1987 through 1993 and analyzed the relationship between clinical and histopathological features and postthymectomy outcome. RESULTS: The clinical severity of the disease did not differ between the 29 patients with and 42 patients without a thymoma. Seventynine percent of our patients responded favourably to thymectomy; without additional immunosupression therapy, 52% achieved a near-complete remission. An younger age and milder disease correlated with a good outcome. Patients with thymoma responded as favourably as those without a thymoma. CONCLUSIONS: The postthymectomy response of South Indian MG patients in general did not differ from that of Western and Oriental patients.
Adolescent↗
Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibody prevalence study in patients suffering from neurological disorders.
One hundred and twenty seven patients belonging to Neurosurgery (49), Neuromedicine (48), Cardiac medicine (30) wards and Blood donors (30) as healthy controls were investigated for the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis by means of detecting specific IgM antibody against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) employing Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). The detection rate of specific IgM antibody against T.gondii was found to be 32.7% (16/49) among Neurosurgery patients, 20.8% (10/48) among Neuromedical patients and 20% (6/30) among Cardiac medical patients. None of the voluntary blood donors tested was found to have T. gondii IgM antibody. Maximum prevalence rate was found among female patients undergoing Neurosurgery (42.3%) followed by Neuromedical patients (40%). There is an increasing rate of prevalence of Toxoplasmosis from the lower age group upto thirty years and a declining prevalence rate among the higher age groups. The present study revealed high prevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis in Neurosurgery patients (32.7%) and in particular among female (35.2%) than male (17.8%) patients.
Adolescent↗