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Biomedical subjects

C Scanlon

Publications and source records attributed to C Scanlon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The cellular Na+ pump as a site of action for carbon monoxide and glutamate: a mechanism for long-term modulation of cellular activity.

Carbon monoxide (CO) induces a long-lasting alteration in cerebellar alpha 3-Na,K-ATPase independent of [Na+] but linked to cGMP synthesis and localized to Purkinje neurons. The action of CO is absent in Purkinje neuron-deficient mice, mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP, and blocked by inhibition of PKG. Glutamate (Glu) and metabotropic agonists mimic the action of CO, an effect that requires PKC and is associated with CO synthesis. These data suggest that CO regulates Na,K-ATPase through cGMP and PKG, and that Glu regulates CO through mGluRs. This system is also modulated by NMDA agonists and nitric oxide, possibly via Glu release, as well as by free radicals. These findings offer a mechanism by which CO, Glu, and free radicals can exert specific effects on synaptic transmission (relevant to long-term changes in cell excitability), as well as more general actions on energy metabolism (relevant to the pathophysiology of excitotoxicity).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Priority ethical issues in oncology nursing: current approaches and future directions.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe ethical issues determined to be highly important to oncology nurses and to discuss strategies by which the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) can address these priority concerns. DATA SOURCES: Survey on oncology nurses regarding ethical issues; nursing literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine priority ethical issues of oncology nurses are identified. Past, current, and future ONS activities that address these priority issues are discussed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: ONS must support activities to increase the knowledge, confidence, and involvement of oncology nurses in discussions and decision making related to the ethical issues. CONCLUSIONS: The top three priority ethical issues for oncology nurses are assisted suicide, end-of-life decisions, and pain management. Efforts should be made to increase ethics expertise among the ONS membership.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1995

Atrial natriuretic peptide modulates sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase through a mechanism involving cyclic GMP and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase.

Prior studies indicate that the natriuretic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are due, in part, to an inhibition of the passive movement of sodium ions from tubular lumen through apical cation channels into renal tubular epithelium. The present work demonstrates that ANP also exerts a potent inhibitory effect on the active pumping of sodium ions by renal tubular sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase). This action of ANP is relatively long lasting, is due to a change in enzyme Vmax and is specific for ouabain-sensitive activity. Enzyme modulation occurs with an EC50 for ANP of 0.1 nM, is independent of intracellular [Na+] and is associated with an increase in tissue cyclic GMP (cGMP), but not cyclic AMP (cAMP). Modulation of Na, K-ATPase by ANP is mimicked by 8-bromo-cGMP and okadaic acid (OA) and is blocked by KT 5823, a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), but not by KT 5720, a selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which suggests that the action of ANP on the sodium pump involves cGMP-mediated changes in protein phosphorylation. Regulation of renal Na, K-ATPase activity also occurs with nitric oxide-generating compounds, such as nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). However, the ability of ANP to modulate Na, K-ATPase does not appear to involve this latter pathway because the effects of ANP on the sodium pump cannot be blocked by either N omega-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, or hemoglobin, which blocks NO through binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

Cancer in the older adult: understanding age-related changes.

As the population ages, nurses will be working with increased numbers of elderly cancer patients. It is imperative that nurses gain an understanding of the aging process and an appreciation of the cancer experience in the older adult. By aggravating or influencing cancer-related symptoms and their treatments, or by inducing non-cancer related symptoms, concurrent health problems may inadvertently be thought to be associated with malignancy progression. An in-depth investigation of a patient's history may reveal a vast number of actual and potential health problems; the areas that pose special concerns for the elderly are nutrition, pain, and psychosocial aspects, such as depression and confusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Ethical issues in caring for the patient with advanced cancer.

The patient in the advanced stages of cancer presents many challenges for the nurse caregiver. To care for the patient effectively as the end of life approaches requires a shift in focus from cure or treatment of the disease to the management of the associated symptoms. This is the primary goal of palliative care, a unique approach to meeting the needs of this vulnerable patient group. The clinical issues that are common in the care of the patient with advanced cancer may raise specific ethical concerns for the nurse. Managing the symptoms with the goal of palliative care in mind will help to frame these concerns more clearly. Communicating with patients and families on an ongoing basis in a clear and sensitive manner will help to ensure that patients' decisions are known and respected. Nurses need to be prepared to assist in these difficult situations. A nursing ethics group is one method that has been found to be effective in developing nurses' expertise in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ethics committees in health care institutions in the New York City metropolitan region: a report of two nursing surveys.

Two surveys were conducted independently to ascertain whether health care institutions in the New York City metropolitan region currently have ethics committees and to gather information related to their functioning and use by nurses. Comparable findings in the overlapping samples suggest that approximately one-third of surveyed institutions do not have interdisciplinary ethics committees. Where the committees do exist, they may not be adequate to address nurses' ethical concerns.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home care for persons with AIDS.

Home care for PWAs is now available. This paper addresses some of the treatments and problems that may be a part of care at home. It is intended to be a basic review of principles and procedures associated with the care of PWAs at home.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When values conflict with obligations: safeguards for nurses.

Increasingly, nurses are being confronted with clinical situations that challenge their personal and professional integrity. For integrity to be preserved, safeguards must be developed and an environment that supports ethical practice fostered. Standards such as those promulgated by the JCAHO provide an important opportunity for nurses to create mechanisms to assure that diverse religious, cultural, and ethical beliefs of nurses are respected and upheld.

Conflict, Psychological↗