Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Solomon.
Two cases of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma, a rare tumor with malignant potential, are discussed. The sonographic, computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are presented together with clinical features of this entity and a brief review of the pertinent literature.
Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment can be a successful treatment option, especially if the existing root canal therapy is technically deficient. It is the preferred treatment for most endodontic failures unless iatrogenic, restorative, or morphological factors dictate otherwise. A restorative post in the involved canal is usually considered an indication for apical surgery; however, in cases where nonsurgical retreatment is preferable to surgical management, many posts can be removed.
Two patients with traumatic diaphragmatic defects visible on computed tomography are presented. The diagnosis was delayed for several years in both patients. The diagnosis of these acquired diaphragmatic defects is often difficult. Computed tomography can lead to earlier diagnosis by demonstrating the defect in some patients when radiographic studies are not diagnostic.
A number of studies of schizophrenia have demonstrated associations between cognitive impairment and both cerebral ventricle size and negative symptomatology. The nature of these associations, however, have been obscured by interstudy differences in the assessment of cognitive functioning and by the lack of function-related specificity in measures of structural brain abnormality. In this study, 28 SCID-diagnosed chronic schizophrenic inpatients were administered a brief comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, a computed tomography (CT) scan, and were rated for positive and negative symptomatology. Enlarged ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) of the anterior portion of the lateral ventricles, the frontal horns, was found to be related to deficits in general intellectual level, conceptual thinking, immediate verbal memory, and psychomotor speed. VBR of the more usually studied bodies of the lateral ventricles was associated only with deficits in verbal memory and motor speed. VBRs were unrelated to both positive and negative symptom measures in this sample. Results suggest that more widespread impairment of schizophrenics' cognitive functioning may be related to structural abnormality within the frontal lobes, complementing recent findings linking structural and metabolic abnormalities of this area of the brain to the disease itself.
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The specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, arylsulphatase B and cathepsin D were determined in homogenates of livers of rats fed ad libitum and of rats subjected to long-term dietary restriction (10%, 30% and 50% of diet consumed by the ad libitum group). Dietary restriction began soon after weaning and animals were sacrificed 3, 9, 15 and 24 weeks later. Dietary restriction influenced all four enzymes but the changes depended on the enzyme as well as on the degree and duration of the dietary restriction. Total activity of acid phosphatase increased significantly at 3 weeks of restriction but only in the 50% group. The activity returned to normal values at 9 weeks. Arylsulphatase B increased in all experimental groups with a more pronounced change observed at 3 weeks and in the more severely restricted rats. No notable change in the activities of beta-galactosidase and cathepsin D activities was observed. Changes in the liver ultrastructure paralleled the biochemical changes seen at 3 weeks. Numerous autophagic vacuoles and dense bodies resembling age pigments were formed in the hepatocytic cytoplasm. Mitochondrial enlargement, increased matrical density and rough endoplasmic reticulum fragmentation were also noted. Few of these changes were observed at 9 weeks, and the hepatocyte's morphology was virtually normal at 15 and 24 weeks. The marked changes seen at 3 weeks may be a manifestation of the body's adaptive processes to the nutritional stress.
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