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Biomedical subjects

C Spamer

Publications and source records attributed to C Spamer.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Diagnostic value of ultrasound in duodenal stenosis.

Radiology and endoscopy are usually used to diagnose stenosis of the duodenum, but the cause of the stenosis may still escape detection. Three pathologic processes--multiple duodenal polyps, duodenal wall cysts, and annular pancreas--are presented to demonstrate how ultrasound, under specific conditions, can provide decisive diagnostic information. The cause of the stenosis may be made accessible to sonographic study through administration of oral fluids and intravenous hyoscin-n-butylbromid (Buscopan).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic properties of muscle fibers.

Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of slow (type I) and fast (type II) twitch fibers, which, as reflected by their enzyme activity patterns, are characterized by specific metabolic properties. Type I fibers are always "oxidative" but nevertheless form a spectrum. Type II fibers likewise form a spectrum but display a wider range with "oxidative" and "glycolytic" extremes. As a result, type I and type II fibers can be classified independently of myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry by their specific enzyme activity profiles. In this context, activity ratios between enzymes of anaerobic and aerobic pathways can be used as discriminative parameters. Similarly, specific ratios of enzymes catalyzing unidirectional reactions in hexose metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) separate the two fiber populations. The histochemically defined IIA and IIB subtypes cannot be separated into distinct metabolic groups. In view of the continuum of metabolic properties, skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue in which each fiber represents a separate metabolic compartment.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1985

Reaction mechanism of the calcium-transport ATPase in endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. Demonstration of different reactive forms of the phosphorylated intermediate.

A calcium-transport ATPase is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. Catalysis of calcium translocation involves transient covalent binding of the terminal phosphate residue of ATP by the enzyme, resulting in the formation of an alkali- and hydroxylamine-labile phosphorylprotein intermediate. Both MgATP as well as CaATP can be utilized in the phosphorylation reaction which requires calcium as a cofactor. Magnesium accelerates the turnover of the phosphorylprotein intermediate. An ADP-reactive and ADP-unreactive state of the phosphoenzyme could be distinguished. In the ADP-reactive state with tightly bound calcium, the phosphoenzyme can transphosphorylate its phosphate residue to ADP, giving rise to synthesis of ATP. The ADP-reactive phosphoenzyme can be converted into an ADP-unreactive state by prolonged incubation with excess EGTA (ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). It is suggested that this conversion is brought about by the removal of tightly bound calcium from the phosphoenzyme. A strong homology of the sequential reaction steps during calcium translocation by the calcium-transport ATPases in endoplasmic reticulum from rat liver and sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle is suggested.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Histological diagnosis of liver hemangiomas using ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy.

Hemangiomas of the liver are a common fortuitous finding during ultrasonographic studies of the liver. Although they often present a characteristic ultrasonographic pattern, it is not always possible to exclude malignant disease. Diagnostic difficulties may arise when known malignant disease is present. Computed tomography and angiography do not exclude misinterpretations. In nine patients, six of whom had known malignant disease, liver tumors were detected at ultrasonography. Using a new type of fine needle and ultrasonographic control, biopsy provided the histological diagnosis of hemangioma in all cases. Complications were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The calcium pump in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. Demonstration of the phosphorylated intermediate.

Rat liver microsomal fractions enriched with smooth-surfaced vesicles possess an ATP-supported Ca2+ transport activity, which is stimulated by oxalate and half-maximally activated at 3.5 X 10(-7) M free Ca2+. Catalysis of Ca2+ transport involves transient covalent binding of the terminal phosphate from ATP by the vesicles, resulting in the formation of a Mr 118,000 phosphopeptide, which is acid precipitable and unstable in the presence of hydroxylamine, which may be characteristic for an acylphosphate. Phosphorylation of the Mr 118,000 peptide requires the presence of Ca2+, while dephosphorylation is markedly accelerated by Mg2+. In the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ phosphorylation proceeds much faster than dephosphorylation, indicating that the latter may be rate limiting for the hydrolysis of ATP. The Mr 118,000 peptide is estimated to represent about 2% of total smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Comparative studies with sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat skeletal muscle suggest extensive homology of the Ca2+ transport ATPases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A new fine needle biopsy technic in histologic diagnosis--preliminary case report].

Sonographically guided puncture of intra-abdominal and retro-peritoneal masses for cytological diagnostic is widely employed. However, processing of cytological material may result in artifacts and in the case of certain malignant tumours, of benign tumours or diffuse organ changes, cytology is only relatively reliable. Special experience on the part of the investigato is therefore required. Hence, in far-reaching therapeutic decisions such as operation, cytostatic therapy or radiotherapy, diagnosis based on histological findings is preferred. Preliminary experience with a new type of fine needle (Schneidbiopsiekanüle) suitable for obtaining histological material is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The phosphoprotein intermediate of a Ca2+ transport ATPase in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rat liver display an ATP-supported Ca2+ transport which is mediated by a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. During the catalytic cycle the terminal phosphate from ATP is incorporated to form an acid-precipitable reaction product(118 000-Mr in SDS-gel electrophoresis) with stability characteristics of an acylphosphate. Comparative studies with sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from fast-twitch skeletal muscle suggest that the 118 000-Mr phosphopeptide may be identified with the phosphorylated reaction intermediate of a Ca2+ transport ATPase in endoplasmic reticulum, similar to that in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Activities of malate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase with regard to metabolic subpopulations of fast- and slow-twitch fibres in rabbit muscles.

Activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) were determined in single fibres dissected from freeze-dried rabbit psoas and soleus muscles. Slow-twitch fibres as determined by qualitative ATPase reaction represent a rather uniform population with regard to HAD and MDH activities. In these fibres the two enzymes are in constant proportions. FDPase is found at extremely low activities in slow-twitch fibres and because of its relatively high activity in fast-twitch fibres of soleus and psoas muscle it might be used as a marker enzyme. Fast-twitch fibres in psoas muscle represent a heterogeneous population with regard to activities of MDH as well as of HAD. The two enzyme activities are not proportional in fast-twitch psoas fibres. These findings suggest the existence of metabolic subpopulations of fast-twitch fibres having a wide range of aerobic oxidative capacities and having differences in their capacity to oxidizing fatty acids.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1977

Activity patterns of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in microdissected fast and slow fibres from rabbit psoas and soleus muscle.

Methods for standardized determination of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in nanogram samples of microdissected single fibres of rabbit psoas and soleus muscle are described. Fast and slow fibres in soleus muscle show lower absolute activities of these enzymes than the respective fibre types in psoas muscle. Slow fibres represent a more uniform population in the two muscles according to absolute and relative activities of the enzymes investigated. Slow fibres are characterized by high activities of MDH and relatively low activities of glycolytic enzymes. Fast fibres in the soleus muscle represent a population with high activities of MDH and glycolytic enzymes. Fast fibres in psoas muscle represent a heterogeneous population with high activities of glycolytic enzymes and extremely variable activity of MDH. More than 10-fold differences exist in the MDH activities of the extreme types of this fibre population. Differences in the activity levels of MDH in single fast type fibres but also in the activities of glycolytic enzymes between fast and slow fibres are greater than those reported between extreme white and red rabbit muscles.

Animals↗