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Biomedical subjects

C Staples

Publications and source records attributed to C Staples.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Perceptual criteria and attributes used for evaluation of clothing by women using wheelchairs.

The apparel and clothing attributes important to persons with disabilities are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify apparel attributes of personal value to persons using a wheelchair and used to evaluate clothing. Four focus group interviews on three categories of clothing, formal wear, casual wear, and undergarments, were conducted with 19 female wheelchair users. Participants discussed clothing generally and after viewing garments designed especially for people with disabilities. Analysis of the content of the interviews yielded 49 phrases or words that could be categorized into Physical Appearance, Physical Performance, Expressiveness, and Extrinsic Attributes. Participants were concerned most about Physical Appearance for which criteria are observable attributes of the garment. Attributes of value in order of importance are styling of garment, fabric, garment construction, and color. The Physical Performance criteria include in order of attention benefits of physical aspects such as convenience, performance of garment, fabric, and effect of care. Expressiveness criteria evoked participants' feelings and reaction to use. Extrinsic Attribute criteria are those used to evaluate and make purchase decisions and are of less importance. These 19 persons with disability value casual clothing which had regular features. Results describe useful information on the criteria disabled persons use to evaluate clothing for use.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Deep cerebral venous thrombosis presenting as an encephalitic illness.

Three cases of deep cerebral vein thrombosis presenting as encephalitic illnesses are described. Thyrotoxicosis was present in one case, ulcerative colitis in one case and an anticardiolipin antibody was detected in two cases. All three patients were on oestrogen and progesterone. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography allowed rapid confirmation of the diagnosis and permitted non-invasive follow up of this condition. The first two patients made complete clinical recoveries despite having thalamic infarction, in one case bilaterally, demonstrable radiologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host. Diagnostic accuracy of the chest radiograph.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the chest radiograph in the evaluation of acute pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients. METHODS: The study included the chest radiographs in 149 consecutive acute pulmonary complications seen in immunocompromised patients in whom a definitive diagnosis was made. Twenty-four complications were in patients with AIDS and 125 were in non-AIDS patients. The radiographs were separately reviewed in random order by two independent observers. The observers assessed pattern and distribution of radiographic findings and recorded their first-choice diagnosis. RESULTS: The most common complication in patients with AIDS was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (n = 21). In the non-AIDS patients, the most common complications included invasive aspergillosis (n = 25), drug reaction (n = 21), and Pneumocystis pneumonia (n = 20). A correct first-choice diagnosis was made in 90% of patients with AIDS and 34% of non-AIDS patients. IN AIDS patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia, the correct first-choice diagnosis was made in 41 of 42 (98%) readings by the two observers. In non-AIDS patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, drug reaction, and Pneumocystis pneumonia, the correct first-choice diagnosis was made in 38%, 26%, and 43% of readings, respectively. CONCLUSION: The chest radiograph is helpful in the differential diagnosis of acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host, particularly in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Much work has been published on CT and high-resolution CT findings in diffuse lung disease. In the past year, there were a few additional reports of high-resolution CT features of specific diseases. Most studies compared high-resolution CT with radiographic and functional assessment of disease. Important CT and pathologic correlative studies were done and several excellent reviews of CT of diffuse lung disease were published.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Emphysema in silicosis. A comparison of smokers with nonsmokers using pulmonary function testing and computed tomography.

The presence of emphysema in silicosis is believed to be secondary to the development of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). However, it is difficult to separate out other causative factors, particularly cigarette smoking. In order to attempt to distinguish these factors, we examined 30 patients with silicosis by means of pulmonary function testing and computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest. Eighteen of these patients were either exsmokers or current smokers, and 12 of them were nonsmokers. The CT scans were read independently by two observers on two separate occasions. Silicosis was graded on a 5-point scale from 0 to 4; emphysema was graded as a percentage of lung involved. Percent emphysema was associated with level of pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, and DLCO) independent of its association with either cigarette smoking or silicosis grade (p less than 0.01). Silicosis grade was associated with DLCO (p less than 0.05) independent of its association with either cigarette smoking or percent emphysema, but was not associated with level of FEV1 or FVC. In the group without PMF (silicosis Grade 0, 1, or 2), smokers had worse emphysema than nonsmokers (p less than 0.01); there was no such difference among the patients with PMF (silicosis Grade 3 or 4). Only one of the nonsmoking subjects with silicosis but without PMF had any emphysema detected on CT. Our data suggest that silicosis, in the absence of PMF, does not cause significant emphysema, and that it is primarily the degree of emphysema rather than the degree of silicosis that determines the level of pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Faecal incontinence.

Faecal incontinence is a disorder predominantly of the elderly. It is one of the more unpleasant consequences of failing health in old age, both for the sufferer and for the care giver. There are many potential colorectal and anal disorders capable of contributing to or causing faecal incontinence. However, in the elderly, there are two major causes: faecal loading and neurogenic incontinence. Rectal examination is mandatory for all patients with faecal incontinence as it allows the detection of local anorectal abnormalities (not only impaction or faecal loading) which may be responsible for the incontinence. With faecal impaction, there is a history of continuous faecal soiling in the presence of a loaded rectum and in neurogenic incontinence, there is the passage of formed stools with a normal rectal examination. Faecal incontinence imposes a heavy care burden. Often, faecal incontinence can be successfully treated. However, when intractable, continence nurse advisers are available to assist in the selection of suitable pads and underclothing.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

Hyperinflation in asthma and emphysema. Assessment by pulmonary function testing and computed tomography.

To assess the role of emphysema on the hyperinflation in chronic asthma, we studied 20 subjects with irreversible airflow limitation. Ten of the subjects had asthma and had never smoked; the other ten were cigarette smokers. Pulmonary function testing and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on all subjects. Emphysema was graded using a score based on the percentage of lung involved on CT scan. There was good inter- and intra-observer agreement for the emphysema scores. The median emphysema score was 0 percent in the nonsmoking group and 10 percent in the smoking group. All smokers with a total lung capacity (TLC) of greater than 120 percent predicted had evidence of emphysema on the CT scan. None of the asthmatic subjects with a TLC greater than 120 percent predicted had emphysema identifiable on CT scan. We conclude that chronic asthma with severe hyperinflation does not result in emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The distribution of accelerations of the human fetal heart rate at 38 to 40 weeks' gestational age.

In order to further understand the use of antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring we measured the distribution, in time, of two, three, or five fetal heart rate accelerations of greater than or equal to 15 bpm for greater than or equal to 15 seconds and of greater than or equal to 10 bpm for greater than or equal to 6 seconds in 12 healthy pregnant women at 38 to 40 weeks' gestation. The length of time necessary to measure 50% or 95% of intervals containing five accelerations would be substantially reduced by changing to a definition of two or three accelerations. However, an observation interval of at least 80 minutes is required to include the longest time interval of two, three, or five accelerations. These data may suggest new strategies for decreasing time and expense of fetal heart rate testing.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Accelerations of the human fetal heart rate at 38 to 40 weeks' gestational age.

In order to document the normal structure and pattern of fetal heart rate accelerations near term, we measured fetal heart rate and fetal movements for 24-hour observation intervals in 12 healthy pregnant women at 38 to 40 weeks' gestation. There were 34 accelerations per hour on the average with a mean amplitude of 22.8 bpm and a mean duration of 40.7 seconds. The longest time between successive accelerations was 37 minutes. There was a significant negative correlation between the mean daily maximum amplitude of accelerations and the mean daily fetal heart rate (r = -0.84). Fetal heart rate acceleration patterns suggested a prolonged period of fetal wakefulness during the late evening.

Electrocardiography↗