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Biomedical subjects

C Ström

Publications and source records attributed to C Ström.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Facial injuries due to criminal violence: a retrospective study of hospital attenders.

The material comprised 222 assault victims whose injuries required attention at the Departments of Oral Surgery and Ear, Nose, and Throat diseases, the Central Hospital in Falun or corresponding departments at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm or the University Hospital in Huddinge. Information was obtained from patient records. One hundred and thirty-eight patients had fractures and the remainder had flesh-wounds, haematomas or swellings. The most frequent fracture site was the nasal bone followed by the jaws. Forty-one per cent of the patients in Falun and 28 per cent in Stockholm reported the assaults to the police: in Falun the proportion of women victims who reported the assault was significantly higher than those who did not. The willingness to notify the police of the violence was not influenced by the use of drugs or the seriousness of the injuries. The study showed that violence in suburban Stockholm was aggravated: one-third of the patients in the study required hospitalization compared to a quarter in a rural area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Injuries due to violent crimes.

This is a study of police reported assaults during 1979, 1982 and 1985 in the County of Kopparberg. Criminological and odontological variables of 1,870 cases of assaults reported to the police during these three separate one-year periods were collected and analysed. Most of the cases were from densely populated areas. There was an increase in cases from 1979 to 1985, particularly of violence in residences. No differences in the type or kind of assault could be found. The proportion of women victims increased markedly and, to a lesser extent, so did the proportion of women offenders. One third of the victims were not injured by the assault, one third suffered haematomas or swellings and one third suffered wounds. 6.5 per cent of the total had fractures. The left side of the face was the most common site of soft-tissue injuries and zygomatico-orbital fractures. No aggravation of the violence or the resultant injuries could be found during these periods.

Crime↗
PubMed1991

Injuries due to violent crimes: a study of police reported assaults during 1979, 1982 and 1985 in a police district of a suburb of Stockholm, Sweden.

The study is based on a sample of 249 violent crimes reported to the police in Huddinge during 1979, 1982 and 1985. Throughout the period it was found that the violence increased not only in number but also in seriousness. Most of the cases took place during weekends and in the evenings. Different accommodations were the most common scene of the crime. The majority of victims and offenders were men. Many were foreign citizens. Three-quarters of the victims had some kind of injury, mostly haematomata and swellings. The left side of the face was the anatomical region mostly hit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Jaw fractures in the County of Kopparberg and Stockholm 1979-1988. A retrospective comparative study of frequency and cause with special reference to assault.

The material comprised all 367 patients with fractured jaws treated at the Departments of Oral Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (216) and the Central Hospital in Falun (151) during 1979, 1982, 1985 and 1988. Manibular fractures predominated. There was no increase of the number of fractures in Stockholm and a slight decrease in Falun. In both districts the patients were predominantly men aged between 20 and 35. The most common cause of fractures in Stockholm was assault followed by traffic accidents. In Falun traffic accidents were most common, followed by assault. No increase in assaults was found. The study refutes the widespread impression of a steadily increasing incidence of cases of assault and an increasing frequency of aggravated assault.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen sustained release.

The analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen sustained release (SR) and acetaminophen immediate plus sustained release (IR + SR) was evaluated in 200 outpatients with pain after oral surgery. Under double-blind conditions SR high dose (2000 mg) or low dose (1000 mg), IR + SR high dose (500 + 1500 mg) or low dose (250 + 750 mg), or acetaminophen standard tablet high dose (1000 mg) or low dose (500 mg) were randomly administered after removal of a lower third molar. The hourly pain intensity was rated on a visual analog scale during 12 hours. The efficacy was based on peak effect (maximum pain intensity difference in percent), pain reduction (mean percentage pain intensity difference), duration of effect (time to remedication) and pain reduction index (pain reduction multiplied by duration of effect). Pain reduction was 37% with the 500-mg tablet and 54% with SR 2000 mg. The peak effect increased from 53% after 1.9 hours for the 500-mg tablet to 67% after 2.6 hours for SR 2000 mg. The SR formulation significantly increased the duration of effect without reduction in peak effect.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1990

Integrating knowledge-based technology into computer aided ventilation systems.

A knowledge-based decision support system for respirator treatment, the KUSIVAR system, has been designed in cooperation between hospital, university and industry. Changes in patient data from respirator and monitoring equipment trigger a computer program that generates advice to the staff concerning e.g. therapy modes and respirator settings using expert systems and process control technology. A prototype has been built on an advanced development workstation, the Unisys Explorer, using the software Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). The clinical version is implemented on an Intel 80396-based microcomputer connected on-line via a data-acquisition processor to the respirator. The decision support software is implemented as a module under the Microsoft Windows multitasking environment and communicates with modules for data acquisition, database handling and data presentation by means of message passing using the Windows Dynamic Data Exchange protocol. The modules present coherent user interfaces by conforming to Microsoft Windows standards. The knowledge base is being extensively validated by an expert group in the ICU and the system will be evaluated through animal experiments and clinical studies.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1987

An unusual case of lingual mandibular depression.

The literature concerning lingual mandibular depressions is briefly presented, and a case of an anterior depression containing salivary gland tissue is described. Since this is a rare condition, the presentation of an additional case is of interest.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1986

Adrenoceptor modulated flow through the rabbit ampulloisthmic region studied in vivo and in vitro.

In adult rabbit does ovulation was induced by human choriongonadotropin (hCG) 48 hours before experiments. At laparotomy the oviducts were cannulated from the ovarian and uterine ends. In vivo as well as in vitro the patency of the isthmus was studied with low viscous fluid perfusion of the ampulloisthmic region in antegrade direction. Intraluminally applied norepinephrine (NE) or phenylephrine (PhE) caused dual changes in transisthmic flow; administration of a low dose increased the flow, while high doses decreased the flow in vivo. In vitro, application of PhE only induced a dose-dependent reduction of flow. The PhE-induced reduction of flow was prevented by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine in vivo and in vitro, suggesting activation of an alpha-adrenoceptor mechanism. Intraluminal application of terbutaline (T) caused a dose-dependent increase of flow, which was most prominent in vivo. Such an increase of flow was prevented by blockade of beta-adrenoceptors with propranolol or by selective blockade of beta 2-adrenoceptors with IPS 399 both in vivo and in vitro, indicating activation of a beta 2-adrenoceptor mechanism. The biochemical and hormonal changes 48 hours after ovulation imply a role for the sympathetic transmitter NE in causing a contractile state of the ampulloisthmic region ("tube locking") for retention of ova prior to nidation in the uterine cavity. The isthmus would then hypothetically act as a sympathetically innervated smooth muscle sphincter. The present results demonstrate a constrictory response of this region to high-dose stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors in support of such a hypothesis. However, it must be noted that this region also possesses a population of beta-adrenoceptors at this time interval, which may interfere with a constrictor mechanism via circulating epinephrine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Multiple doses of paracetamol plus codeine taken immediately after oral surgery.

A double-blind randomized analgesic trial was carried out in 180 patients undergoing surgical removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. The patients received the first dose of either paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg, paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg or placebo immediately after surgery during the effect of the local anaesthetic. The mean pain intensity, the duration of effect and the number of patients needing additional analgesics were all significantly dose related. In the evaluation procedure a pain intensity index was defined which took into account both the efficacy and the duration of effect. In addition, the analgesic efficacy was calculated over a 12 hour period after first medication and thereby including the efficacy of a second dose, if taken. Paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg followed by paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg after around 5 hours was a very effective treatment and over 40% of these patients did not need any further pain relief during the evaluation period. In conclusion, an effective analgesic taken immediately after oral surgery reduces the total pain and diminishes the need of analgesics.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Two-year assessment of anterior resin restorations inserted with two acid-etch restorative procedures.

Fifty-two pairs of Class III restorations in a microfilled resin Silar were inserted in acid-etched cavities. A bevel preparation was performed along the margin of one cavity (A) whereas the other cavity was treated with the surface-active comonomer NPG-GMA before filling (B). After finishing of the restorations, the surface of the type B filling was re-etched and covered with a layer of non-composite, low-viscous resin. Following a 2-yr observation period 65 restorations were classified as "good", 33 were "adequate" and 4 were "unsatisfactory" or were replaced during the study period. The only significant difference between type A and type B restorations was marginal discolorations which most frequently were observed along the beveled type A restorations. The occurrence of such failures was increased by marginal deficiencies and occlusion/articulation on the restorations.

Acid Etching, Dental↗