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Biomedical subjects

C Stubbs

Publications and source records attributed to C Stubbs.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Dental screening of older adults living in residential aged care facilities in Perth.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to estimate the dental treatment needs and oral health status of a sample of older adults in residential aged care facilities in Perth. METHODS: The 348 participants (> or = 65 years) were interviewed and screened in 25 facilities. The screenings were carried out by one examiner using a mirror and a portable light. RESULTS: Over half (52 per cent) of the participants were edentulous and 45 per cent of those edentulous participants for whom a recording was made (n=174) had oral mucosal conditions. The 164 dentate participants had a mean of 12 disease-free standing teeth, a mean decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) of 24.7 (mean DT 0.8, mean FT 5.3) and half of them required the removal of supragingival calculus. Of those with root caries experience (n=127), a mean of 1.3 untreated decayed roots and a mean of 1.9 roots covered in plaque were recorded. The majority of the participants (83 per cent) were pensioners eligible for government subsidized dental care and 47 per cent were reported by the Directors of Nursing to have dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The data collected here demonstrate poor oral health conditions and a substantial treatment need in a neglected population. More people in nursing homes and hostels are keeping their natural teeth compared with a similar population studied 13 years ago.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Leuprolide acetate for inducing ovulation in women undergoing ovarian stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether leuprolide acetate (LA), given subcutaneously at the time of follicular maturity in stimulated cycles, can result in ovulation and in vivo fertilization. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-seven women underwent 91 cycles of ovarian stimulation (OS) and received a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg of LA when follicular maturity was reached. Only clomiphene citrate (CC) was used for 15 cycles, CC/FSH for 66 cycles and human menopausal gonadotropin only for 10 cycles. Thirty-four cycles were in oligoovulatory women. Eighty-two cycles were combined with intra-uterine insemination. RESULTS: Viable pregnancies occurred in 21/91 cycles (23%). Forty-two women testing with home urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) kits noted a surge. Seventy-one or 71 cycles demonstrated a biphasic curve. Sixty-eight of 75 cycles demonstrated follicular collapse (91%). Six women had serum LH levels of 12 +/- 4, 136 +/- 22 and 17 +/- 3 mIU/mL before and 12 and 36 hours after LA, respectively. CONCLUSION: LA successfully induced ovulation, fertilization and luteinization in women receiving OS. The pituitary LH response to LA appeared to be normal in women having OS. The pregnancy rate was similar to that generally observed with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). A large, prospective, randomized study may be warranted to compare LA to hCG since the subcutaneous route of LA administration and potential for reduced hyperstimulation could be significant advantages, making OS more practical and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Multiple-dose safety study of ibuprofen/codeine and aspirin/codeine combinations.

This multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, normal volunteer study compared formulations of ibuprofen/codeine and aspirin/codeine for systemic safety. Vital signs, hematologic, biochemical and urinary parameters, side effects, mood and mental alertness, were monitored. The placebo group had less gastrointestinal side effects and more frequent stools than the active treatment groups. There was statistical evidence for greater adverse effects of aspirin/codeine on mood and mental alertness in comparison to ibuprofen/codeine and placebo. Ibuprofen/codeine had a more favorable adverse effect profile than aspirin/codeine. A mild respiratory and cardiac depressant effect attributable to codeine was evident in all active treatment groups after 7 days of frequent therapy. More work needs to be done to elucidate the factors regulating the development of tolerance to the respiratory and cardiovascular depressant effects of opiates in general, and for codeine in particular.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Variability in the absorption and disposition of erythromycin estolate in humans.

The inter- and intrapersonal variability in the absorption and disposition of erythromycin estolate in humans was assessed by comparing total erythromycin serum concentrations in five subjects who each received a single erythromycin estolate tablet on three separate occasions under identical experimental conditions. Coefficients of variation for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-12, MRT, and t1/2 were of a similar magnitude when calculated between subjects in any one administration phase or between phases. In addition, serum concentrations of both erythromycin base (active component) and erythromycin propionate were selectively determined in the same subjects only during the final two phases of the study. Comparison of AUC0-12 values showed that the percentage of the total area (base and ester components) present as erythromycin base remained relatively constant between administrations (mean values of 14.5 and 11.2%), with low coefficients of variation between subjects (10.8 and 11.6%). Discrepancy value calculations revealed that the variability in serum concentration-time profiles between the three phases of the study fell into the "small"-to-"moderate" classification. From these data it is apparent that intrapersonal variations in the absorption and disposition of erythromycin estolate are of a similar magnitude to interpersonal variations and should be borne in mind in the design and interpretation of comparative bioavailability studies involving similar formulations of this compound. The relative proportions of erythromycin base and propionate did, however, remain fairly constant both between treatments and between subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High-performance liquid chromatography of erythromycin propionyl ester and erythromycin base in biological fluids.

The simultaneous determination of erythromycin propionate and erythromycin base in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using oleandomycin as internal standard is described. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column employing acetonitrile-0.05 M phosphate buffer (65:35), adjusted to pH 7.0, as the mobile phase with coulometric detection. Hydrolysis of the ester during blood sample collection was minimised by immediate high-speed centrifugation of collected blood samples, followed by separation and immediate freezing of the serum fraction. A solid-phase extraction procedure, combined with a simple phase-separation step was used prior to chromatographic analysis. The method has the necessary precision, sensitivity and accuracy to allow the simultaneous determination of both components in serum and urine following a single 500-mg oral dose of erythromycin estolate.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of oleandomycin in serum and urine.

The determination of oleandomycin in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using erythromycin as internal standard is described. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column employing acetonitrile-0.05 M phosphate buffer (30:70), adjusted to pH 7.0, as the mobile phase with UV detection at 200 nm. A solid-phase extraction procedure, combined with a simple phase-separation step was used prior to chromatographic analysis. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges 0.25-5.0 micrograms/ml (serum) and 1.0-25.0 micrograms/ml (urine). Precise quantitative analysis has been achieved at these levels with relative standard deviations of less than 5%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1985

Determination of erythromycin in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin in human serum and urine with UV detection at 200 nm is presented. The method involves a solid-phase extraction procedure followed by a simple phase separation step and chromatography on a reversed-phase column. The method has sensitivity limits of 0.25 and 1.0 micrograms/mL in serum and urine, respectively, and is sufficiently sensitive to monitor concentrations of erythromycin in human serum and urine after the administration of a single 500-mg erythromycin stearate tablet.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1983

The modulation of Ca-ATPase activity and protein-lipid interactions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by ATP.

The time-course of ATP hydrolysis by Ca-ATPase of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum is biphasic with an initial rate over 1 to 2 min exceeding the subsequent rate. Hydrolysis of GTP and p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) occurs at a slower but constant rate. Arrhenius plots of GTP, p-nitrophenylphosphate and initial rates of ATP hydrolysis all exhibit a discontinuity at about 20-24 degrees C; no breaks are observed in plots of the slower phase of ATP hydrolysis. The effect of substrate hydrolysis on the disposition of the enzyme in the membrane was examined by monitoring the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by pyrene present in the hydrophobic domain of the membrane. The presence of ATP, but not GTP, prevents a temperature-dependent decrease in fluorescence quenching suggesting that ATP binding causes a change in the protein domain in contact with the membrane lipids.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facing up to MS.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗