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Biomedical subjects

C Susanne

Publications and source records attributed to C Susanne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

EEG sleep patterns in man: a twin study.

All-night EEG sleep recording was performed for 3 consecutive nights in 26 pairs of normal male twins (14 monozygotic and 12 dizygotic) in order to investigate genetic components of sleep. The analysis was based on average values of repeated sleep measures and controlled for the effect of cohabitation. Our results indicate that a significant proportion of variance in stages 2, 4 and delta sleep as well as in REM density is genetically determined in man. Genetic influences on stage 1 and REM are strongly confounded by a synchronizing effect of the cohabitational status.

Adolescent

Nutrition and growth. A review.

Growth monitoring is a sensitive tool and an indicator of the nutritional status of a population. The stressors may interfere by delaying maturation (timing effect) or by lowering the growth potential (intensity effect). In the same way, the secular trend is a translation of the past evolution of the environmental factors in a population.

Body Height

Relationship between frequencies of univalents and meiotic segregation in different mouse strains and their hybrids.

Although univalents in diakinesis are often used as an estimator for chromosome mis-segregation during meiosis, no clear-cut relationship was demonstrated between both phenomena. In this study, the frequencies of autosomal and gonosomal univalents in diakinesis were related to the frequencies of aneuploid metaphase-II gonocytes during spermatogenesis and oogenesis of different mouse strains and their hybrids (inbred strains: DBA/2J, C57Bl; outbred strain; Swiss, inbred x outbred hybrids: Swiss X C57Bl, C57Bl X Swiss, inbred X inbred hybrids: DBA/2J X C57Bl, C57Bl X DBA/2J). As far as the frequencies of univalents are concerned, they were shown to be strain-dependent and similar in both sexes. Moreover, there is a high non-disjunction rate of DBA males and PMSG-HCG-primed DBA females. Aneuploidy in metaphase II is also strain-dependent but different in both sexes; in the male, a clear decrease of aneuploidy frequencies is observed as compared to the frequency of univalents. This decrease does not occur in females.

Aneuploidy

Comparison of biometric data of children with high and low levels of lead in the blood.

This paper deals with a biometric study of 312 boys and girls, aged 2.5-16 years, living in an area with a long history of pollution by lead. The aim was to search for eventual relationships between ten biometric variables and measures of lead absorption in the bodies, i.e. the amount of lead in the blood (PbB), of these children. Standardized values of the biometric variables were compared in the high-PbB and low-PbB categories, by multivariate analysis of variance. Comparison of the vectors of the ten biometric variables reveals a significant difference between the two categories of PbB levels. We found some evidence that the younger children (below 8 years of age) are more likely to absorb lead in the body and are more vulnerable to the effects of subclinical lead intoxication than their older counterparts. The differences between the averages of biometric variables in the two PbB categories are consistently (although not significantly) greater among younger children. This trend disappeared in the older age group. These results confirm data from the literature that young children are especially at risk. It can be concluded that there is a subtle, but significant, influence of lead absorption on the biometric profiles of children and that this effect is probably more important in children below 8 years of age.

Adolescent

The secular trend of height and menarche in Belgium: are there any signs of a future stop?

Changes such as an increase in stature, in weight and an earlier physical and sexual maturation have been observed since the 19th century in Belgium as in most industrialized countries. In this paper, we consider the secular trend in height, weight and puberty (especially menarche) over the last 20 years in Brussels. During the period 1980-1982, 4177 subjects, from the Belgian population of Brussels, aged 3-26 years, have been measured and compared with Belgian subjects living in Brussels in 1960. In our sample, we observe a statistically significant increase in height (and weight), but this trend is less rapid than the increases noticed before in Belgium. Status quo data on menarche from 1048 girls from this sample were analysed by centiles and the probit method. For the first time in Belgium, it seems that the median age is stabilized at 13.0 years. However, the number of late menarches is still evolving.

Adolescent

NOR variability in twins.

The number of AgNOR (NOR+) and the amount of AgNOR (NORM+) were analysed by means of two multilevel analyses of variance in a total of 12 twin pairs: 3 female and 4 male MZ and 5 male DZ pairs. In the first analysis, only zygosity was controlled; in the second, chromosome types D and G were controlled as well as the interaction between chromosome type and zygosity. For NOR+ and NORM+, when chromosome types D and G are not distinguished, the within-pair variance is greater, though not significantly, in DZ than in MZ pairs; but it is highly significantly greater when chromosome type (D or G type) is under control. This confirms an important genetic determination of NOR+ and NORM+ when in the ANOVA model the D and G types are controlled. However, nongenetic factors also influence the Ag-NOR patterns, but not enough to conceal the genetically defined rDNA pattern. Indeed, about 50% of the cells transcribe their rDNA in a way not closely dependent on the rDNA background and significant intrapair differences of NOR+ pattern exist in MZ twins.

Analysis of Variance

Possible linkage relationship between genetic markers and blood magnesium and zinc. A twin study.

In a sample of 63 like-sex dizygotic twins, red blood cell and plasma magnesium and red blood cell zinc concentrations were analyzed for linkage to each of 23 genetic systems by estimating correlation between proportion of genes identical by descent and biological resemblance for the trait. The results suggest possible linkage of red blood cell magnesium with the HLA locus and of red blood cell zinc with the GLO1 locus. However, studies applying more powerful tests are needed to confirm such conclusions.

Female

Age changes of skull dimensions.

At cranial level, external apposition during ageing has been postulated by some authors. In longitudinal studies, a gradual increase of cranial diameters has been shown by cephalometry (Kendrick et al. 1967) or by lateral radiography (Israel 1968, 1970). However, these results are contested at methodological level by other longitudinal studies (Tallgren 1974). It is the aim of this study to analyse, in a cross-sectional sample, the effects of senescence on several cephalic dimensions. A series of skulls of known age and sex has been selected for this purpose.

Adult

Lack of synergistic effect between arsenic, mercury and ethyl methane sulfonate on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mice.

The influence of arsenic and mercury on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by ethylmethane sulfonate was studied in mice. No synergistic effects could be demonstrated in somatic and germ cells of mice given a combined treatment of arsenic trioxide solution (As2O3, 12 mg per kg body weight) or of mercuric chloride solution (HgCl2, 6 mg per kg body weight) with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS, 200 mg per kg body weight).

Animals

Comparison of metaphase and interphase nucleolar activity in Hela-CCL2 cells and PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Metaphase and interphase nucleolar activity in cultured Hela-CCL2 cells and PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes have been studied with silver nitrate staining. In metaphase, we examined the relationship between the actual number of active NORs (AgNORs) and total number of NOR-bearing acrocentrics. Interphase silver staining over the nucleus was analyzed cytodensitometrically and morphologically. From all investigations, Hela-CCL2 cells and lymphocytes were shown to have similar levels of nucleolar activity. Our results suggest that there is a form of regulation of nucleolar activity in malignant Hela-CCL2 cells as compared to PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Cell Nucleolus

Mercury-induced segregational errors of chromosomes in human lymphocytes and in Indian muntjac cells.

Segregational errors of chromosomes were studied in human lymphocytes and in Indian muntjac fibroblasts exposed to methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) or mercury chloride (HgCl2). The cells were exposed to the mercury compounds only during a limited period of the pre-DNA synthetic stage of the cell cycle or from that stage up to mitosis. In the lymphocytes we observed a clear increase of C-mitotic figures for both mercury compounds and for both exposure times. Segregational errors were, however, much more important after the shorter exposure period. Muntjac fibroblasts appear to be more sensitive to the mercury than are the lymphocytes so that their suitability for the study of C-mitosis may be questionable. The muntjac cells may be an important tool for the study of polyploidy induction.

Aneuploidy

[Current age of the menarche in Belgium].

In Belgium, as in most industrialized countries, studies about menarcheal age have shown an earlier physical and sexual maturation. In this paper we will consider the secular trend in menarcheal age over the last twenty years in Brussels. The results concerning menstruation have been obtained in 1980-1982 from 1048 Belgian girls aged between 9 and 17. These girls have very varied socio-economic backgrounds, representative of the diversity of social origin in the Belgian population of Brussels (city and suburbs). Our data were collected using the status quo-method and compared with Jeurissen's (menarcheal age in Belgium between 1915 and 1959). Percentiles and probits were used. The lower limit, where 10% of the girls have had their menarches remains more or less constant. Between 1915 and 1959, Jeurissen noted the tendency of the median menarcheal age toward earlier sexual maturation from 14 years 4 months to 13.0. But, for the first time in Belgium, it seems that the median age is stabilized at 13.0 years. However, the higher limit (age, where 90% have had their menarches) is attained at a lower age: 15.0 for girls born between 1950-1954 and 14.0 in our sample. In conclusion, it seems that better conditions of life cause an evolution in the cases of late menarches but have no more repercussions on the median menarcheal age in this Belgian group.

Adolescent

Mercury chloride--and methyl mercury chloride--induced inhibition in NOR activity.

Previous work has raised the question of whether mercury compounds inhibit the activity of the nucleolar organizing genes. For that reason we performed a cytophotodensitometric analysis on silver-stained interphase nuclei from human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to various concentrations of HgCl2 (0-150 X 10(-6) M), CH3HgCl (0-50 X 10(-6) M), and actinomycin D (0-0.1 microgram/ml). The last compound was used as a positive control. The cells were exposed to the compounds either during G1-early S phase, allowing recovery after the exposure, or from G1 until harvest; thus no recovery was allowed in this case. Like actinomycin D, both mercury compounds were shown to inhibit the NOR activity. This inhibition was furthermore more evident during the short exposure experiment. Our results do confirm that mercury compounds may, to a certain extent, influence some factors regulating the nucleolus-organizing activity.

Adult

Genetic and environmental factors in head and face measurements of Belgian twins.

Seventeen head and face measurements of 205 twin pairs, aged 18 to 25 years, are analyzed. In both sexes a significant genetic variance component is found for head length, head breadth, and frontal breadth, for seven breadth measurements of the face, for physio-face height, and nose height. A significant genetic variance component is found for nasion-gnathion, nasion-stomion, and lips height in males and for the two ear measurements in females. We suggest that the sex difference for heritability may be due to random factors and to continued growth from 18 to 25 years in males.

Adolescent

C heterochromatin variation in couples with recurrent early abortions.

The possible influence of the high polymorphic C heterochromatic regions of human chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y on meiotic chromosome segregation was investigated. Faulty chromosome segregation may be the result of either an abnormal quantity of C heterochromatin on the homologues, or disequilibrium between the homologues. The aim of our study was to determine whether either a variation in the amounts of total C heterochromatin or differences in the amounts of C heterochromatin between homologues could lead to faulty chromosome segregation. The study was performed on C banded metaphases obtained from peripheral lymphocyte cultures of 15 couples with recurrent early abortions and 15 control couples, all Caucasians. Analysis of variance was first performed on separate metaphases to measure intra-individual, inter-individual, and between population variation in a hierarchical model. Since the significant intra-individual differences covered the other parameters we performed, secondly, a one way analysis of variance on the mean values of metaphases per person in order to measure the inter-individual and between population variation. The results did not show a relationship between C heterochromatin lengths and occurrence of recurrent abortions.

Abortion, Habitual

Comparison of chromosome associations in human lymphocytes arrested by colcemid, nocodazole, or cycloheximide.

The method of "generalized distances" was applied to compare the effects on homologous interchromosomal distances of colcemid, the routinely used tubulin inhibitor with the effects of two other metaphase arrestants: nocodazole, also a tubulin inhibitor and cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis which preserves somatic association. More homologous pairs were associated in the cycloheximide treatment than in the other two procedures; however, while several chromosomes which tend to lie toward the center of the metaphase plate showed somatic association in the various treatments, we found no evidence for somatic association of the larger, more peripherally located chromosomes in human cells in any of our treatments (chromosome pair 7 excepted in the colcemid sample).

Benzimidazoles

Is there a predisposition for meiotic nondisjunction that may be detected by mitotic hyperploidy?

The aneuploidy frequencies have been studied in vitro in lymphocytes from couples with recurrent abortions, from parents of a trisomic child and from control couples with at least two normal children; c-heterochromatin variants have been analysed on the same samples by length measurements. A significant increase of hyperploid cells has been observed in the lymphocytes from parents of a trisomic child and couples with recurrent abortions as well. However, no consistent correlation has been found so far between c-heterochromatin variants and an increase of aneuploidy.

Abortion, Habitual