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Biomedical subjects

C T Greenwood

Publications and source records attributed to C T Greenwood.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The role and function of chlorine in the preparation of high-ratio cake flour.

The literature on the role of chlorine treatment of flour for use in high-ratio cake production is discussed in relation to current knowledge of cereal chemistry and cake technology. A brief perspective of the present use of chlorine in high-ratio cake flours is included. Investigations of the uptake of gaseous chlorine by flour and its distribution among and chemical action upon the major flour components (water, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate) are assessed. The physical effects of chlorination as demonstrated by experiments with batters and cakes and by physicochemical observations of flour and its fractions are also considered. The characteristics of the starch in flour appear to be critical in high-ratio cakes. Chlorine treatment modifies the gelatinization behavior of the starch granules yet does not change their gelatinization temperature not is there evidence of chemical attack upon the starch molecules. Therefore, it is suggested that chlorine effects the necessary changes in starch behavior by reacting with the noncarbohydrate surface contaminants on the granules. Alternative methods of improving high-ratio cake flours are mentioned, particularly heat-treatment processes.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

Mathematical models for the action of alpha-amylase on amylose.

Mathematical treatments have been developed to describe the action of alpha-amylases on amylose. The treatments are based on the unique properties of the exponential (or most-probable) distribution of molecular weights of the substrate, namely, that (a) the principal averages are invariant to chain-end attack if the product molecules are ignored, and (b) the ratio of the principal averages is invariant to random attack. The relations so developed allow published, qualitative data for the alpha-amylolysis of amylose to be interpreted in a quantitative manner. As a result, it appears that multiple attack is of little or no significance in the action patterns of alpha-amylases, with the exception of those derived from the pancreas.

Amylases↗
PubMed1973

The structure of hydroxyethyl starch.

1. It is suggested that the structure currently used to describe hydroxyethyl starch (a blood plasma volume expander) is a gross oversimplification.2. A model having a much more complex substitution-pattern is proposed, and an accurate, rapid test has been devised for distinguishing between the two models.3. This test shows that the simple model has no basis in reality, and that the more complex substitution pattern is correct.4. Studies involving the enzymic hydrolysis of hydroxyethyl starch are shown to provide qualitative support for the new model, and the significance of the findings is discussed.

Chemical Phenomena↗