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Biomedical subjects

C T Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C T Taylor.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of aspirating needle calibre on outcome of in-vitro fertilization.

Thirty patients with intact ovaries undergoing ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization treatment had their ovaries randomized for follicular aspiration with small and large aspiration needles while under mild sedation. Collections using smaller diameter needles had no significant effect upon the number of oocytes collected per follicle aspirated, or on the subsequent fertilizing capacity of those oocytes. There was significant reduction in pain perceived by the patient when the smaller needle was used during the collection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Requirement of inner cell mass for efficient chorionic gonadotrophin secretion by blastocysts of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

The role of the inner cell mass in the induction of chorionic gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion by the trophoblast of the peri-implantation primate blastocyst was studied in common marmoset monkeys. An in vitro system for the culture of blastocysts commencing with blastocysts collected 8 days after conception was developed. Chorionic gonadotrophin measured in the spent culture fluid was first detected in most blastocysts after 3 or 4 days (day 11 or 12) of culture at a time equivalent to implantation in vitro. Initial secretion of chorionic gonadotrophin coincided with development of parietal endoderm and histological appearance of syncytiotrophoblast in the polar trophoblast. Little chorionic gonadotrophin was secreted by blastocysts with a poorly developed, or absent, inner cell mass. Mural trophoblast removed from blastocysts after 2 days of culture (day 10) grew in vitro as a unilaminar vesicle but failed to secrete significant amounts of chorionic gonadotrophin. However, mural trophoblast from older blastocysts (days 13 and 14) after chorionic gonadotrophin secretion had commenced continued to secrete chorionic gonadotrophin, with trophoblast from day 14 blastocysts secreting significantly more than that from day 13. It was concluded from these studies that while mural trophoblast from marmoset blastocysts will proliferate in vitro in the absence of an inner cell mass, efficient induction of chorionic gonadotrophin secretion requires the presence of the inner cell mass or its derivatives. Once chorionic gonadotrophin secretion has commenced, secretion will continue in the absence of the inner cell mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Transport in vitro fertilization--a novel scheme for community-based treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an inexpensive and extensive in vitro fertilization (IVF) service for the Mersey Region, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Twenty-four transport IVF patients treated in two district general hospitals using the central university laboratory as co-ordination point for treatment schedule and embryology. Outcomes were compared with 26 control patients treated in the central unit. SETTING: Royal Liverpool University Hospital, a central IVF unit, and two district general hospitals in the Mersey Region. PATIENTS: Fifty patients under 35 years of age with irreversible tubal damage selected and treated by IVF, half in the central unit and the other half in two district general hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy rate (PR) in the different centers. RESULTS: A PR of 42.3% per cycle in the peripheral hospitals compared with 30.7% per cycle in the central unit. CONCLUSION: Transport IVF is an inexpensive and feasible alternative to standard IVF in a central unit for patients without access to central units.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Expression of the CD46 antigen, and absence of class I MHC antigen, on the human oocyte and preimplantation blastocyst.

Expression of CD46 and class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by human oocytes and 6-8-day unhatched expanded preimplantation blastocysts has been studied by immunocytochemistry. The CD46 antigen, a cell surface complement regulatory protein, was expressed by unfertilized oocytes as well as strongly by both the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of preimplantation blastocysts. In contrast, class I MHC antigens were not usually expressed by either oocytes or blastocysts. These data support the concept that gametes and embryonic cells involved in fertilization and early implantation events, respectively, may be protected from immunological recognition or attack both by the lack of class I MHC antigens and by expression of the CD46 complement regulatory protein.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Is follicular flushing necessary for oocyte retrieval? A randomized trial.

A prospective randomized trial was performed to evaluate the necessity of follicular flushing during transvaginal, ultrasonically guided oocyte recovery under mild sedation. Patients with tubal damage as the sole cause of their infertility were randomized into one of two groups. Group one had their follicles aspirated only. Follicles of patients in Group 2 were aspirated and flushed with a total of 10 ml of flushing medium. There was no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate or pregnancy rate in each group. There was, however, a significant shortening of operating time in the aspiration only group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Development of spare human preimplantation embryos in vitro: an analysis of the correlations among gross morphology, cleavage rates, and development to the blastocyst.

Following in vitro fertilization, the criteria commonly used to select human embryos for transfer are the cleavage rate and gross morphology, the contention being that those embryos which divide more rapidly and have regular, spherical blastomeres are more likely to lead to a pregnancy. In order to assess the validity of this assumption, the development in vitro of spare embryos was investigated. Eggs and embryos were cultured in Earle's balanced salt solution containing 10% heat-inactivated patient's serum, and insemination was performed at 40 hr post human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). At 82-90 hr post hCG, up to four embryos were transferred. Any spare embryos were cultured in the same medium for up to 6 days and scored daily for cell number and morphology using a "quality" scale of 4-1 according to degree of fragmentation and shape of the blastomeres. Of 317 fertilized eggs, 55 (17%) developed to the fully expanded blastocyst stage. The remaining embryos ceased development at the one-cell (6; 2%), two-cell (49; 15%), four-cell (110; 35%), eight-cell (61; 19%), and cavitating morula (36; 11%) stages. The relationship between developmental arrest and gross morphology is discussed.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed1987

The effects of cryopreservation and transfer on embryonic development in the common marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus.

Embryos were collected at the 4-10-cell stage from the oviducts (Day 4; Day 1 = ovulation) or as morulae (Day 7) from the uterus of marmosets and frozen in 1.5 M-DMSO (Days 4 and 7) or 1.0 M-glycerol (Day 4 only), using a slow freezing and thawing technique. Of 22 Day-4 embryos frozen in DMSO, 18 were recovered and 16 of these were transferred to 10 synchronized recipients; 7 recipients became pregnant compared with all 7 control recipients receiving 10 unfrozen embryos. Fifteen frozen-thawed morulae were transferred to 9 Day-6 recipients; the pregnancy rate (55.6%) was lower than for control embryos (85.7%). Embryos frozen in glycerol suffered severe osmotic stress during glycerol addition and removal. Of 8 recipients, 3 (37.5%) became pregnant but only one fetus was carried to term. These results on embryo collection, freezing and transfer in the marmoset have important implications for developing improved methods for freezing human embryos and the breeding of endangered primates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of trophoblastic tissue derived from in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos of the common marmoset monkey.

The features of trophoblastic tissue derived from the in vitro culture of marmoset monkey embryos have been described. Long-term trophoblast cultures (in excess of three years in one case) were established from the primary trophoblast monolayer of four of 38 embryos; division of one of these embryos produced two long-term cultures. The trophoblast cells retained their ability to synthesize and secrete chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) during maintenance in vitro and were capable of prolonging the luteal phase when transferred to the uterus of marmosets. A characteristic feature of the cultures was the formation of multiple fluid-filled vesicles enclosed by a single layer of cytotrophoblast cells and attached to the culture dish by a small monolayer of syncytiotrophoblast cells. The tissue was propagated by cutting vesicles into small pieces and placing into a fresh culture dish; attempts to subculture using single-cell suspensions were unsuccessful. These cultures provide a convenient source of marmoset CG for purification as well as an in vitro system for studying other secretory products of primate trophoblast.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Documentation of clinical interventions by pharmacy faculty, residents, and students.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the influence of pharmacy faculty, residents, and students at a community hospital by documenting the number and types of interventions attributable to their involvement in patient-care activities. METHODS: Between September 1, 1997, and May 31, 1999, data were collected using a computerized documentation system to characterize the intervention type, significance, and value of services rendered by an education group composed of pharmacy faculty (n = 2), residents (n = 4), and students (n = 22). RESULTS: The number, nature, and outcome category for all interventions were documented using an existing computerized documentation system. The education group accounted for 13% (n = 2,873) of total clinical activities documented (n = 21,817). The most common activities reported were discharge counseling/education (31%), consultation by physicians and therapeutic recommendations (15%), and route conversion (6%). Interventions documented by the education group were classified as medium or high significance 50% of the time. Sixteen percent ($172,655) of the estimated cost avoidance documented by the pharmacy department was attributed to the education group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that educational activities by pharmacy faculty, residents, and students have a positive influence on patient care in a community hospital.

Alabama↗