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Biomedical subjects

C Turley

Publications and source records attributed to C Turley.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Determination of BMS-284756, a new quinolone, in mouse serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A sensitive, simple, and accurate method for determination of BMS-284756, a novel des-F(6)-quinolone antimicrobial agent in mouse serum was developed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Sample preparations were carried out by protein precipitation with the addition of acetonitrile, followed by evaporation of the acetonitrile to dryness. The resultant residual was then reconstituted in 0.01 M HCl and injected onto a Nucleosil 100 10 microm, C18 25 cm x 4.6 mm analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.01 M NaH2PO4 (20:80, v/v) with 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate. The fluorescence of the column effluent was monitored at an excitation wavelength of 290 nm and an emission wavelength of 418 nm. The assay was shown to be linear from 0.2 to 10.0 microg/ml (R2=0.998). Mean recovery was determined as 95.1%. Inter- and intra-assay precisions were <6% RSD. The HPLC method developed has been applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of BMS-284756 in a murine bacterial infection model.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts virologic outcome at an inner-city human immunodeficiency virus clinic.

This study's hypothesis is that human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the inner city (predominantly injection drug users and ethnic minorities) do not take highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as prescribed and that nonadherence leads to virologic failure. A prospective, observational, 3-month study of adherence to HAART was undertaken at an inner-city clinic. There were 40 subjects [110 subject-months]; 30 were male, 10 were female, 75% were Hispanic, 23% were African American, 68% were injection drug users, and 68% were receiving triple therapy. At 3 months, adherence, which was determined by use of the Medication Event Monitoring System (Aprex) was significantly associated with virologic success: lower virus loads were associated with a rate of adherence of >80% (P<.05). Although nonadherence predicted virologic failure, virologic success was not always predicted by adherence: 11 (27.5%) of 40 subjects with suboptimal adherence rates (<90%) had complete virologic suppression.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacodynamic assessment of gatifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The pharmacodynamic parameters of peak serum drug concentration/MIC (peak/MIC) ratio and the area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio have been used to characterize in vivo drug exposure and its relationship to bacterial killing for the fluoroquinolones. Our study objectives were to describe the pharmacodynamic relationship between gatifloxacin exposure and outcome as assessed by bacterial density and survival in an immunocompromised murine thigh model of pneumococcal infection and to assess the relationship between drug exposure and these outcomes in an immunocompetent host. ICR mice were rendered neutropenic, and thigh infection was induced by intramuscular administration of 0.1 ml of 10(5) to 10(7) CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae/ml. Mice received 1 to 5 mg of uranyl nitrate/kg of body weight at day -3 and were randomized to receive 10 to 80 mg of gatifloxacin/kg every 6 to 24 h orally, starting at 2 h postinoculation. Bacterial density studies were completed 24 h after initiation of therapy, and survival was assessed after 4 days of treatment. MICs for clinical isolates (n = 8) ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 microg/ml. Correlations were assessed between the change in bacterial density, as well as survival, and the AUC/MIC ratio, peak/MIC ratio, and the duration of time that serum drug concentration remained above the MIC. The best predictor of bacterial response was the AUC/MIC ratio for both outcome measures. There was greater efficacy, as measured by a decrease in log change in CFU as well as by survival data, in the immunocompetent mice compared to the immunocompromised mice. These data demonstrate (i) the appropriateness of the AUC/MIC ratio as a dynamic predictor of response to pneumococcal infection for the fluoroquinolones, (ii) that gatifloxacin AUC/MIC ratios of 30 to 40 appear to optimize bactericidal activity and survival in this model, and (iii) that immunocompetency of the host plays a role in efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Bacteria in the cold deep-sea benthic boundary layer and sediment-water interface of the NE Atlantic.

This is a short review of the current understanding of the role of microorganisms in the biogeochemistry in the deep-sea benthic boundary layer (BBL) and sediment-water interface (SWI) of the NE Atlantic, the gaps in our knowledge and some suggestions of future directions. The BBL is the layer of water, often tens of meters thick, adjacent to the sea bed and with homogenous properties of temperature and salinity, which sometimes contains resuspended detrital particles. The SWI is the bioreactive interface between the water column and the upper 1 cm of sediment and can include a large layer of detrital material composed of aggregates that have sedimented from the upper mixed layer of the ocean. This material is biologically transformed, over a wide range of time scales, eventually forming the sedimentary record. To understand the microbial ecology of deep-sea bacteria, we need to appreciate the food supply in the upper ocean, its packaging, passage and transformation during the delivery to the sea bed, the seasonality of variability of the supply and the environmental conditions under which the deep-sea bacteria grow. We also need to put into a microbial context recent geochemical findings of vast reservoirs of intrinsically labile organic material sorped onto sediments. These may well become desorped, and once again available to microorganisms, during resuspension events caused by deep ocean currents. As biotechnologists apply their tools in the deep oceans in search of unique bacteria, an increasing knowledge and understanding of the natural processes undertaken and environmental conditions experienced by deep-sea bacteria will facilitate this exploitation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Multidisciplinary team dynamics in the production of problem-based-learning cases in issues related to older adults.

Two important goals in allied health education are to prepare future allied health professionals to function as members of interdisciplinary teams and to increase their awareness of issues related to the growing older adult population. The responsibility for achieving these goals rests on the faculty and administrators of allied health education programs, who may not themselves be proficient in either of these domains. A multidisciplinary team of health educators and administrators was brought together to produce six problem-based learning (PBL) cases related to older adults. Members of the team represented a variety of disciplines in health care, diverse philosophies of educational development, a variety of roles in allied health education, and differing levels of knowledge of issues related to older adults--parameters similar to those found in the members of an interdisciplinary healthcare team. The methods by which this multidisciplinary group functioned and the dynamics in attaining the goals of the project are presented.

Aged↗