Biomedical subjects

C Turni

Publications and source records attributed to C Turni.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

The effects of salivary gland extracts from Boophilus microplus ticks on mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes.

The effect of salivary gland extract (SGE) from the tick Boophilus microplus was examined in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. SGE was added to lymphocytes of seven cattle together with the mitogens concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Semi-purified B cells from another seven cattle were stimulated with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PHA and ConA stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes to the same extent, but the inhibition due to SGE of Boophilus microplus on the proliferative response stimulated by PHA (39.0% +/- 9.3%) was less than the inhibition of proliferative response stimulated by ConA (75.4% +/- 6.9%). In contrast, SGE of B. microplus stimulated the proliferation of B cells in the presence of LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced stimulation of B cells by SGE at >4 microg in culture was greater than twice that observed when B cells were stimulated by LPS alone. SGE does not have a direct suppressive effect on bovine B cell proliferation; however, in vivo the effectiveness of B cell responses might be influenced by other immune factors, such as cytokine profiles.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

An evaluation of the apxIVA based PCR-REA method for differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

A restriction analysis of PCR (PCR-REA) amplified apxIVA gene has been suggested as an alternative method for serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Jaglic et al. [Jaglic, Z., Svastova, P., Rychlik, I., Nedbalcova, K., Kucerova, Z., Pavlik, I., Bartos, M., 2004. Differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by PCR-REA based on sequence variability of the apxIVA gene and by ribotyping. Vet. Microbiol. 103, 63-69]. The current study investigated whether this alternative method could distinguish between the reference strains of serovars 13-15 and the value of the method when applied to 47 field isolates representing serovars 1-3, 5, 7-9, 12 and 15 as well as non-typable isolates. The reference strains of serovars 13 and 14 had the same sized product after the apxIVA PCR, while the product for serovar 15 was of different size compared to all the other serovar reference strains. The CfoI digest profiles of the reference serovars 13 and 14 strains were different from each other and from all other serovars. The HpaII digest profiles of these two serovars were very similar to each other, but both were distinctively different from the other serovar profiles. The CfoI digest profile of serovar 15 strain was very similar to the serovars 3 and 12 strains except for two faint extra bands for serovar 15. The HpaII digest profiles of serovars 12 and 15 reference strains were identical. The PCR-REA method correctly recognized the serovar of 21 of 43 field isolates. It was concluded that the method was a useful additional tool to support, but could not replace, conventional serotyping.

Actinobacillus Infections↗

PubMed2006

Rapid and efficient screening of a Representational Difference Analysis library using reverse Southern hybridisation: identification of genetic differences between Haemophilus parasuis isolates.

Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) is an established technique used for isolation of specific genetic differences between or within bacterial species. This method was used to investigate the genetic basis of serovar-specificity and the relationship between serovar and virulence in Haemophilus parasuis. An RDA clone library of 96 isolates was constructed using H. parasuis strains H425(P) (serovar 12) and HS1967 (serovar 4). To screen such a large clone library to determine which clones are strain-specific would typically involved separately labelling each clone for use in Southern hybridisation against genomic DNA from each of the strains. In this study, a novel application of reverse Southern hybridisation was used to screen the RDA library: genomic DNA from each strain was labelled and used to probe the library to identify strain-specific clones. This novel approach represents a significant improvement in methodology that is rapid and efficient.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Comparison of the indirect haemagglutination and gel diffusion test for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis.

The aim of this study was to compare the use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and gel diffusion (GD) tests for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis by the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson (KRG) scheme. All 15 serovar reference strains, 72 Australian field isolates, nine Chinese field isolates, and seven isolates from seven experimentally infected pigs were evaluated with both tests. With the IHA test, 14 of the 15 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with serovar 10 failing to give a titre with serovar 10 antiserum. In the GD test, 13 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with antigen from serovars 7 and 8 failing to react with any antiserum. The IHA methodology serotyped a total of 45 of 81 field isolates while the GD methodology serotyped a total of 48 isolates. For 29 isolates, the GD and IHA methods gave discordant results. It was concluded that the IHA is a good additional test for the serotyping of H. parasuis by the KRG scheme if the GD methodology fails to provide a result or shows unusual cross-reactions.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

A comparison of the immunosuppressive effects of salivary gland extracts from two laboratory strains of Boophilus microplus.

This study addresses three questions related to the immune response of cattle to tick salivary gland extracts. Firstly, is there a difference in the inhibition of proliferation of Concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated bovine lymphocytes induced by salivary gland extracts of the N and Y strains of Boophilus microplus? Second, is there a difference in the development rate of the Y and N tick strains? Third, does the host affect the inhibitory effect of salivary gland extract on the proliferation of ConA stimulated lymphocytes from the two tick strains? Salivary gland extract of the Y strain inhibited in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by ConA significantly more than that of the N strain, when each strain was raised on different animals. A difference in the development rate was observed between the tick strains when raised on the same animal, with female ticks of the Y strain developing faster and reaching a greater fully engorged weight than ticks of the N strain. The difference in their rate of development did not appear to contribute to a difference in inhibitory effects of the salivary gland extracts and there was no difference between the inhibitory effects of salivary gland extracts from both strains. However, when Y strain ticks were raised on different animals, there was a significant difference in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation between the two salivary gland extracts. Therefore, it was concluded that there is no difference between the inhibitory effects of the two tick strains and that the host has an influence on salivary gland extract composition of B. microplus and its inhibitive properties.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Progamotaenia capricorniensis sp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Queensland, Australia.

Progamotaenia capricorniensis sp. nov. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) is described from the wallabies Macropus dorsalis (Gray, 1837) and Petrogale assimilis Ramsay, 1877 from Queensland, Australia. The new species is characterised by a fimbriated velum composed of 26-32 digitiform to triangular projections on each side of the proglottis, paired uteri and 140-190 testes distributed in a single band across the medulla. Minor variation occurs in the distribution of the testes. The above characters distinguish the new species from its most closely related congeners P. lagorchestis (Lewis, 1914), P. proterogyna (Fuhrmann, 1932), P. spearei Beveridge, 1980 and P. villosa (Lewis, 1914). P. capricorniensis appears to exhibit a highly disjunct distribution within its usual host, M. dorsalis.

Animals↗