Retraction notice for the brief article "Goal attribution in chimpanzees" by Claudia Uller and Shaun Nichols. Published in Cognition volume 76 (2000) pp. B27-B34.
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Retraction Notice↗
Biomedical subjects
C Uller
Publications and source records attributed to C Uller.
Spontaneous representation of number in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).
The "violation of expectancy" looking-time methodology has proven a powerful tool for exploring prelinguistic mental representations in human infants as well as in nonhuman primates. Four studies applying this methodology to the question of spontaneous number representations in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are reported here. Monkeys were shown 1 + 1 events in which objects were placed behind a screen, 1 by 1. The screen was removed, revealing consistent (2 objects) and inconsistent (1, 3, or 1 large object twice the mass of original object) outcomes. In all studies, monkeys looked longer at the inconsistent than at the consistent outcome. When the monkeys view a 1 + 1 operation, they expect exactly 2 objects. It is likely that these numerical representations are spontaneously available to a variety of primate species and could provide a foundation on which humans' number sense was constructed over evolution and development.
Animals↗
Goal attribution in chimpanzees.
Does the chimpanzee attribute goals to others? Recent infant studies using the looking time measure have been interpreted as evidence that human infants attribute goals. An experiment modeled on these studies was carried out on chimpanzees, and the chimpanzees responded the way infants do. This indicates that chimpanzees also attribute goals and hence that this capacity is not distinctively human.
Animals↗