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Biomedical subjects

C Valenzuela

Publications and source records attributed to C Valenzuela.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parental socialization styles and psychosocial development in 16 to 19 year old adolescents].

To study relationships between perceptions that 16 to 19 year old adolescents have about socialization styles and disciplinary methods used by their parents, with their view of the world, interpersonal relations, moral development, use of psychotropic substances and maladjusted behaviours, 241 adolescents--123 males--which belong to a follow up study on growth and development from northern metropolitan Santiago, Chile, were asked to answer a questionary of psychosocial development, previously elaborated by two of the authors (GS and CA). The most used socialization styles by these fathers and mothers were the negative power one (39.2% and 38.5%) and the inductive one (23.8% and 30.0%), while permissive styles occurred at much lower frequency (1.5% and 1.1%). Coincidence among parents in socialization styles was found in 47.7% and disagreement in 19.2% of cases. The inductive style and coincidence in it's use by both parents, were frequently associated to idealistic world views, autonomous and conventional moral development, satisfactory interpersonal relationships and low frequency of psychotropic consumption, and maladjusted behaviours while negative power based styles by both parents and disagreement of styles among them were rather related to realistic or negative world view, preconventional moral development, higher frequency of relational problems, psychotropic consumption and maladjusted behaviours.

Adolescent↗
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[School achievement and neurologic examination: a 7-years' correlation study].

Neurological examination and school performance were analyzed in 146 children from a longitudinal follow up on growth and development at northern metropolitan Santiago, Chile. Their reading and writing abilities and their performance on neuro-maturational tests at the third elementary grade, were compared with academic achievements seven years later and highly significant correspondence was found among these terms. Reading comprehension and simple arithmetic problem solving abilities were the most affected aspects in children that exhibited multiple subtle neurological abnormal signs. Writing and design abilities were also involved up to a certain degree. Intellectual endowment was a determinant factor in this relationship since children above average. I.Q. showed less neurological involvement and better academic qualifications and vice versa. Subjects with many subnormal neuro-maturational signs had relative under-ratings at school examinations, whichsoever their mental level was. Thirty percent of the initial 208 study case were missed in the 7 year time span: Most of them were unable to read and write properly at third elementary school grade, showed evidence of several minor neurological failures and abandoned school in the mean time. By contrast, 96% of the index group could be reexamined. This bias implies that between early learning plus neurological status, at age 9 years and the later academic performance should have been an extremely positive interrelationship for the whole series.

Achievement↗
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[Growth related to menarche in women of middle and low socioeconomic status].

Growth after menarche is described in 149 six to twenty year old girls from a growth and development follow-up study in a northern suburb of Santiago. Mean height at menarche and final adult height were obtained. The mean post-menarche growth was 6.40 +/- 2.70 cm. There was a large dispersion in post-menarche growth; three of them grew more than 15 cm and one 22 cm. We conclude that prediction of post-menarche growth is uncertain.

Adolescent↗
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[Growth of girls and boys at puberty].

Growth at puberty varies according to age and individual maturity. Changes in height and weight of girls (aged 10 to 16 years) and boys (aged 11 to 17 years) which participate in a follow-up study at northern metropolitan Santiago, Chile, are described. Sexual maturity seems more determinant than chronological age on weight and height at puberty. For instance height of the whole sample of boys from 12 to 15.5 years of age ranged from 141 to 164 cm in contrast to 147 to 160 for those of the same age range but in the third stage of public hair development (Tanner). Sexual maturity should be taken into account for appropriate growth evaluation at puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urodynamics in children with recurrent urinary infection, enuresis and bladder incontinence].

Clinical and urodynamic findings in 50 children with normal neurologic examination and: enuresis (n = 5), vesical incontinence (n = 2), recurrent urinary tract infection (n = 10) or association of these abnormalities (n = 33) are described. Renal ultrasonography showed bilateral hydronephrosis in a girl with hypotonic bladder. Reflux nephropathy was detected in two children with vesical hyperactivity and in one patient with hypotonic bladder. Vesical residue was evident in 5 patients with hyperactive bladder. Increased bladder capacity occurred in two children with hypotonic response. Vesical neck formation was observed along micturition in 6 patients with hyperactive bladder. Hyperactive bladder response occurred in 5/5 patients with enuresis, in 1/2 children with vesical incontinence (VI), in 8/10 cases of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) and in 23/33 patients with combined symptoms (CS). Hypertonic response was seen in 1/2 VI, 1/10 RUTI and 5/33 CS patients. Finally in 1/10 RUTI and in 5/33 CS cases bladders were hypotonic and 4/33 CS showed normal urodynamic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic factors in typhoid fever].

The study of genetic factors associated to infectious diseases is a promising research field for optimizing their management and control in the future. For typhoid fever, one of our major health problems, this approach has been sporadic an fruitless for having been addressed to disease's overall susceptibility. Moreover, difficulties on recognition of clinical sub-sets have prevented definition of unambiguous clinical phenotypes appropriate for this objective. With the aim of finding the basis for phenotypes identification, or definite disease expressions, a search including foreign and national literature was carried out for the 1960-88 period. From animal experimentation, human immunogenetics, epidemiology and clinical literature, data was obtained for proposing five phenotypes: the incubation period, typhoid relapse, agglutinins response (Widal's test), response to vaccination and metabolic behaviour of certain substances, including antibiotics. That one or more of these phenotypes and their possible association with polymorphic systems might lead to populational subsets recognition in typhoid fever is suggested.

Animals↗
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[Widal reaction and phenotypes in children with typhoid fever (preliminary study)].

Recognition of genetic heterogeneity in typhoid fever patients might allow studies on the behaviour of definite cohorts regarding this infection, which would be important for clinical and epidemiological purposes. Under the hypothesis that agglutinins response (Widal test) is a suitable phenotype for this objective, associations between results of this response at admission (positive and negative) and clinical and hematological variables were explored in 91 children with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever, admitted to a metropolitan hospital at Santiago, Chile, during 1981-82 period. Association between gender and negative Widal test was found in males when this test was performed during the third week of disease (OR = 10, p = 0.52) as well as a tendency of females to express figures below the mean for total WBC count in patients older than 10 years (OR = 2.43, p = 0.019) and for neutrophils (%) in younger than this age when the Widal test was negative in the latter (OR = 10, p = 0.016). These preliminary findings suggest that Widal test and gender might interact for determining the presumptive heterogeneity in this children group.

Age Factors↗