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Biomedical subjects

C W Adams

Publications and source records attributed to C W Adams.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The pH dependence of borohydride as an aldehyde reductant.

The aldehyde-reducing capacity of borohydride has been investigated in the sequence periodic acid-borohydride-periodic acid-Schiff and variants. Densitometric studies on rat colonic mucins show that borohydride incompletely blocks periodate-engendered aldehydes unless the pH is above 8.2. Below this value, some aldehydes are not reduced and continue to be Schiff-stainable, while others are subsequently gerenated by the second exposure to periodic acid. The effect is more pronounced in paraffin than in cryostat sections, but does not apply to human colonic mucins.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1979

The non-specific nature of the myocardial wavy fibre.

Wavy myocardial fibres were found in about half each of a series of 28 normal and 31 infarcted human hearts, as well as in the normal heart of an infant. Such fibres were also seen in rather more than half of a series of normal rat hearts. Thus, the wavy fibre is not a specific feature of acute ischaemic heart disease. Some experimental evidence was obtained that patchy loss or preservation of ATP promotes the formation of wavy fibres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The action of human high density lipoprotein on cholesterol crystals. Part 1. Light-microscopic observations.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) was found in vitro to form myelin buds (liposomes) from washed crystals of free cholesterol (commercial or atheroma sources). This activity led to the progressive destruction and solubilization of the crystals. Low density and very low density lipoproteins did not have any effect. Liposome formation and solubilization were accelerated by calcium ions, phospholipase A and polyunsaturated lecithin (Lipostabil). Cholesterol crystals were nearly completely destroyed after 18 h incubation with HDL-Lipostabil.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1978

The action of human high density lipoprotein on cholesterol crystals. Part 2. Biochemical observations.

Electron microscopy of the reaction product between human pooled high density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol shows that characteristic liposome macromicellar bodies are formed. These bodies vary in size between 30 and 1200 nm. In comparison with HDL, they contain markedly more cholesterol, but less protein and phospholipid. Their phospholipid pattern shows enrichment with sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl serine in comparison with HDL.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1978

The antiocclusive effect of coronary dilatation with age.

Human coronary arteries were perfusion-fixed; sectioned and their external and lumenal circumferences measured by microscopic planimetry. They were found to dilate with increasing age, and this change seems to be more a degenerative process than a response to increasing heart weight. It is inferred that a moderate degree of coronary dilatation compensates for the tendency of atherosclerosis to occlude the lumen. Absence of any coronary dilatation might be hazardous in that the stenosing effects of atherosclerosis would be enhanced. By contrast over-dilatation (ectasia) is dangerous in that it causes a reduced flow-rate and, hence, promotes thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nitroblue tetrazolium test: early gross detection of human myocardial infarcts.

The hearts from 81 cases of suspected myocardial infarction were stained with the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test to show damaged heart muscle in the gross at necropsy. Thirty-seven cases were of stated clinical age less than 12 h and 27 of these were less than 5 h. Seven out of 17 cases under 1 h were negative with NBT, but all other cases showed either focal diminution of staining with the dark blue diformazan or patchy red staining with the monogormazan of NBT. Thus the method may be of diagnostic value at necropsy from 1 h onwards after the time of apparent infarction (stated clinical onset). Satisfactory results were obtained up to 3 days at ambient temperature after death and for longer when the corpse was stored at 4 degrees C.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Permeability in atherosclerosis: fluorescence test in green light with trypan blue.

A new microscopic fluorescence method for trypan blue at 570 nm has been used to follow the entry of albumin into the atheromatous rabbit aorta. Permeability into the inner aortic wall increases before the onset of gross lesions and seems just to precede intraendothelial deposition of lipid. Thereafter, permeability of the inner wall progressively increases until streaks or small plaques develop. These raised lesions stain and fluoresce variably, some intensely so while others are almost unreactive. This variability might reflect the difference between progressive and quiescent lesions. However, a zone of increased permeability surrounds many raised lesions, suggesting that the edge is a major site of growth and progression.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Regression of atheroma in the rabbit.

Ten studies in the literature concerning regression of rabbit atheroma were re-examined. In studies where cholesterol content was referred to weight, a degree of regression was noted in 3/4 studies. Such regression might at least partly have resulted from the dilution effect of the atheroma contents when results were expressed on a weight basis. By contrast, when results were referred to length or protein, partial regression was seen in only 1/4 studies. Mild atheroma induced by short-term cholesterol feeding did seem to regress in 2/2 studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Permeability of inner and outer layers of rat and rabbit aortic wall. Two new microscopic test with trypan blue.

Two new permeability tests are described for use with intravenously injected trypan blue. One depends on the demonstration of trypan blue by its specific red fluorescence in green light at 570 nm, while the other is a surface microscopy technique at low magnification, using illumination from a fibre-optics light source. The routes of entry of the trypan blue-albumin complex into the rat and rabbit aorta appear to be from both the inner and outer surfaces. Over the period 1/4-24 h after injection of the dye, more entered from the outer surface than the inner surface in the rat aorta and rather more in the rabbit thoracic aorta. The arch of the rabbit aorta showed in general rather greater entry from the inner surface. Trypan blue that has entered the aortic wall is partly taken up by the elastic lamellae. Elastic competes successfully for the dye and captures it from the trypan blue-albumin complex; this uptake is blocked by deamination with nitrous acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ganglion cells in achalasia of the cardia.

The histopathology of 40 cases of achalasia of the cardia, 6 cases of oesophageal spasm-incoordination and 4 cases of scleroderma was examined. Three cases of carcinoma and 6 cases of reflux oesophagitis were used as a control group. A nearly complete loss of myenteric ganglion cells was found in the upper thickened segment in achalasia. Some surviving ganglion cells were found in the lower segments in half the cases of achalasia; in two cases counts were normal in this segment. The occurrence of neuronal chromatolysis in 9 biopsies of achalasia supports the view that an active disease process was involved. The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres in two cases of achalasia were normal in appearance and number; this somewhat limited evidence tends to count against a primary disorder of the preganglionic neurone in this condition. The 6 cases of oesophageal spasm-incoordination showed similar neuronal loss to that in the lower segment in achalasia. Possibly "oesophageal spasm" represent an early stage or incomplete expression of achalasia. One cases of scleroderma showed loss of ganglion cells, but the myenteric plexus was here involved by the disease process. None of the 9 cases in the control group showed any loss of ganglion cells or chromatolysis. Acute and chronic inflammation was not convincingly associated with loss of ganglion cells in either achalasia or oesophageal spasm.

Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic↗
PubMed1976

Dietary restriction and regression of atherosclerosis.

Rabbits were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet to render them atheromatous. After 3 months on this diet they were switched to a low-lipid stock diet. Some animals were killed at this point, while the rest were divided into (a) a group allowed to eat ad-libitum and (b) a resticted group allowed to eat half by weight of what the ad-libitum group consumed. Most animals were killed at 9 months (i.e. after 6 months' regression). The group allowed the restricted diet showed a 27% weight loss, but their serum cholesterol fell slightly more slowly than that of the ad-libitum animals. Likewise, atherosclerosis was slightly worse in the restricted than in the ad-libitum group. The results do not support the view that severe dietary restriction causes atherosclerosis to regress.

Animals↗