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Biomedical subjects

C W Foley

Publications and source records attributed to C W Foley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of zearalenone on various components of rabbit uterine tubal fluid.

A study was conducted to determine whether an orally administered mycotoxin, zearalenone (11.5 mg/kg of body weight/day), enters the uterine tubal fluid (UTF) of rabbits and to evaluate its influence on certain constituents of UTF. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the concentration of zearalenone in UTF was maximal on day 1 of initial exposure to the compound, then decreased rapidly to half the peak concentration by day 5. The disappearance curve for zearalenone in UTF was linear throughout the treatment period (10 days) and was not detectable within 3 days after the last administration of zearalenone and the initiation of pregnancy (does were bred on day 10 of the zearalenone treatment). Zearalenone increased the volume of UTF (P less than 0.05) in estrous does, but decreased the pH (P less than 0.05) and the total free amino acid concentration (P less than 0.05) of UTF, compared with pretreatment values. The concentrations of several trace elements and amino acids known to be of critical importance in early embryonic development were altered by zearalenone treatment and/or pregnancy. Gross developmental anomalies were not evidenced when fetuses were examined on days 28 to 30 of gestation. It was concluded that zearalenone or associated metabolites affect factors that influence fertility during the early preimplantation period. Furthermore, the analysis of UTF appears to be an effective screening method for assessing certain potential reproductive toxicants.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Effects of 72 hr calf removal and/or gonadotropin releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone release and ovarian activity in postpartum beef cows.

A study was conducted to determine the pituitary and ovarian responses to 72 hr calf removal (CR) and/or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in beef cows. Forty-eight Angus, Simmental, and Charolais crossbred cows in moderate body condition were allotted to an experiment of 2x2 factorial design involving CR and GnRH. At 30 to 32 days postpartum, calves were removed for 72 hr from the CR and CR plus GnRH groups. All cows were injected (i.m.) with saline or 200 microg of GnRH at 33 to 35 days postpartum. Saline or GnRH was injected 5 hr before calf return. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in blood samples collected every 30 min for 5.5 hr beginning 30 min prior to injection of saline or GnRH. Plasma progesterone was measured in blood samples collected 0, 7, and 14 days after GnRH injection and 7 and 14 days following the first detected estrus. There were no differences (P>0.05) in the interval to peak LH release or the magnitude of the LH release between the GnRH and CR plus GnRH groups; however, the GnRH induced release of LH was greater (P<0.05) over time when preceded by CR. Plasma progesterone concentrations were increased on day 7, compared to day 0, after GnRH injection in 57% and 50% of the animals in the GnRH and CR plus GnRH groups, respectively. However, behavioral estrus was not observed in any of the cows between days 0 and 7 after GnRH injection. A higher (P<0.05) percentage of the cows injected with GnRH formed luteal tissue compared to cows injected with saline; however, the luteal lifespan following GnRH injection was decreased relative to the luteal lifespan following the first observed estrus. The mean interval from calving to first estrus was decreased (P<0.05) by 17 days in the CR group relative to the other groups, and calf removal had no detrimental effect on milk production at 80 days postpartum or on calf weaning weights at approximately 7 months of age. In summary, 72 hr CR decreased the postpartum interval and increased the pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Pretreatment with 72 hr CR did not alter circulating progesterone concentrations or luteal lifespan of corpora lutea induced by GnRH.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Physiochemical properties of oviductal fluid from rabbits exposed to heat stress.

Oviductal fluids (OF) were collected at 24 hour intervals from 27 does. Fluids were collected from all does during estrus and subsequent pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. After collecting OF for 15 days from all does maintained at 21 degrees C and 45% relative humidity (RH), approximately one-half of the does were then subjected to heat stress (33.20+/-0.75 degrees C and 65.4+/-2.3% RH). Oviductal fluid was then collected for 5 days from heat stressed estrous does (HSER), after which all does (both control and HSER) were mated to fertile bucks. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered to each doe to insure ovulation. Fluids were compared between HSER and heat stressed pregnant rabbits (HSPR) and control estrous (NHER) and pregnant rabbits (NHPR) for volume, pH, various protein concentrations, and total protein content. Fluid volume decreased due both to heat stress and pregnancy. Heat stress increased pH, whereas pregnancy resulted in a decrease. Protein concentration of OF from HSER declined due to heat stress. Protein concentration of OF from NHPR increased prior to breeding, peaking at day 3 of pregnancy, then declined to initial levels. While from HSPR there was also a tendency to have a similar increase, the peak in protein concentration was on day 4 and then decreased on day 5. Total protein content (concentration x volume) of OF from HSER decreased due to heat stress. Total protein content from HSPR and NHPR had similar changes with or without heat stress, although the total protein content from OF of HSPR was less (except for day 3) for the entire 5 day period studied. Relative percentages of albumin decreased and postalbumin increased during the first day of pregnancy (NHPR). These trends were reversed (a relative increase in albumin and a decrease in postalbumin) in OF from HSPR.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of milk and blood plasma progesterone concentrations in cycling and pregnant mares.

Progesterone concentrations were measured in milk and blood plasma for 15 mares throughout a normal estrous cycle and early pregnancy to determine the feasibility of utilizing progesterone in milk as an indicator of pregnancy. Samples were obtained daily from foaling until diagnosis of pregnancy by rectal examination at 30 to 35 days of gestation. Progesterone in milk and blood plasma was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Mean progesterone concentrations (+/- SE) in plasma from foaling to foal heat and during estrus, luteal phase and pregnancy were .51 +/- .09 ng/ml, .53 +/- .08 ng/ml, 3.88 +/- .26 ng/ml and 4.22 +/- .09 ng/ml, respectively; progesterone concentrations in milk during the same periods were 1.57 +/- .16 ng/ml, 1.41 +/- .06 ng/ml, 4.26 +/- .21 ng/ml and 4.14 +/- .09 ng/ml respectively. Progesterone concentrations in milk were higher than concentrations in plasma only from foaling to foal heat and during estrus. Days of the estrous cycle on which milk and (or) blood plasma progesterone concentrations could be used to detect pregnancy were determined. Progesterone concentrations in milk from seven of the mares on each day from day 1 to 25 of a normal estrous cycle (nonpregnant) were compared to progesterone concentrations in milk from the same seven mares on days 1 to 25 of a subsequent fertile estrous cycle (pregnancy). (The first day that mares refused to accept the stallion respectively.) Identical comparisons were made of progesterone concentrations in blood plasma. Significantly lower progesterone concentrations were observed in milk from nonpregnant mares from days 17 to 22 and in blood plasma from nonpregnant mares from days 15 to 22.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Radiorespirometric studies of carbohydrate metabolism by washed spermatozoa of various species.

1. The patterns of 14CO2 evolution from specifically labeled glucose substrates by washed bull, ram, boar, rabbit, dog, rooster and turkey spermatozoa were similar and indicated the Embden-Meyerhof and Kreb's cycle pathways as the major route of energy metabolism. 2. Honey bee spermatozoa metabolized glucose-3,4-[14C], glucose-[U-14C] or fructose-[U-14C], but not glucose-1-[14C], glucose-2-[14C]or glucose-6-[14C], indicating the presence of the glycolytic pathway, but the absence of respiration via the Kreb's cycle. 3. The rate of glycolysis exceeded the rate of respiration in the spermatozoa of all the species studied. 4. A preferential utilization of glucose-1-[14C] over glucose-6-[14C] was evident in some sperm samples, but no consistent indication of pentose cycle metabolism was observed, due to considerable variability between samples within each group. 5. Fructose metabolism was greater than glucose metabolism in the rooster, less in the dog, boar and turkey, and similar in the spermatozoa from the other species examined. 6. Only ram and bull spermatozoa metabolized acetate-1-[14C] to any extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Periovulatory changes in peripheral plasma progesterone and estrogen concentrations in the mare.

Concentrations of progesterone and estrogen were measured in peripheral blood plasma samples from mares around the time of ovulation. Samples were collected every 2 hours from 36 hours before, to 26 hours after, ovulation and assayed by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone concentrations were between 60 and 100 pg/ml for the period 24 hours before ovulation through 8 hours after ovulation. By 10 hours after ovulation, concentrations increased to 140 pg/ml and, by 26 hours after ovulation, reached 346 pg/ml. Plasma estrogen concentrations did not change significantly throughout the same period.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Certain physiochemical properties of uterine tubal fluid, follicular fluid, and blood plasma in the mare.

Uterine tubal fluids were collected twice a day from mares for 5 consecutive estrous cycles between March 15 and September 1. Follicular fluids were aspirated from the follicles of exteriorized ovaries of 3 mares between days 2 and 5 of estrus. Uterine tubal fluid and follicular fluid were analyzed for osmolarity, dry matter, total lipids, total free fatty acids, glucose, fructose, and lactic acid. Blood samples were collected (jugular venipuncture) throughout the estrous cycle, and the same physical and biochemical analyses were made on blood plasma. A difference (P less than 0.01) was found for osmolarity between uterine tubal fluids collected during estrus and those collected during anestrus. The osmolarity of uterine tubal fluid during anestrus was greater than that of blood plasma; follicular fluid was similar in osmolarity to blood plasma. The dry matter in blood plasma was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in either uterine tubal fluid or follicular fluid. Cyclic variations in dry matter content were not observed in uterine tubal fluid. Total lipids in blood plasma and follicular were greater (P less than 0.01) than those in uterine tubal bluid. The concentration of total lipid in uterine tubal fluid was similar during estrus and anestrus. Myristic acid (C14:0) in blood plasma and myristoleic acid (C14:1) in uterine tubal fluid were the only free fatty acids that had cyclic variation. The fatty acids in the greatest concentration in uterine tubal fluid and blood plasma were palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2). Concentrations of linoleic acid and stearic acid (C18:0) were greater (P less 0.01) in follicular fluid than in uterine tubal fluid or blood plasma. Only trace amounts of glucose were detected in uterine tubal fluid, whereas a considerable amount of glucose was found in follicular fluid. Fructose was not detected in any of the fluids. Lactic acid concentrations did not differ between estrus and anestrus. Lactic acid concentration was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in uterine tubal fluids and follicular fluids than in blood plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Influence of mare uterine tubal fluids on the metabolism of stallion sperm.

Three experiments were conducted on the metabolism of stallion sperm. In experiment 1, whole and washed sperm were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic enviroments and analyzed before and after controlled incubation for motility, pH, lactic acid, glucose, fructose, and O2 comsumption. In experiment 2, whole and washed sperm were incubated aerobically and anaerobically with and without uterine tubal fluids. Experiment 3 was the same as experiment 2, except added substrates of glucose and lactic acid were studied. The same examinations were made in experiments 2 and 3 as for experiment 1. Motility decreased significantly during incubation for all treatments, with the greatest decrease occurring for whole semen where only trace amounts of substrate (fructose) were present. Exogenous glucose plus uterine tubal fluid maintained sperm motility better than did added lactate. However, sperm respiration rates were highest when exogenous lactate was the only substrate in the incubation medium. The mean pH values for gel-free stallion semen at the start of controlled aerobic and anaerobic incubation were 7.08 and 7.34. Lactic acid accummulation for 1 hour increased from 0.05 mg to 0.09 mg/10(9) sperm when uterine tubal fluid was added to the incubation medium. Washed spermatozoa incubated in 0.03 M glucose plus uterine tubal fluid utilized less glucose than did sperm incubated in the glucose medium. These results, along with the increased oxygen utilization (ZO2) values produced by adding uterine tubal fluid to the incubation mediums, might indicate utilization of a uterine tubal substrate. Added uterine tubal fluid resulted in increased ZO2 values (expressed in mul of O2 utilized by 10(8) sperm in 1 hour at 37 C) for whole semen from 10.45 to 12.63. Washed spermatozoa also respired at a significantly greater rate than whole sperm. Respiration rates were greater for sperm incubated with 0.01 M lactic acid than for any other substrate or experiment.

Aerobiosis↗