PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C W Howden

Publications and source records attributed to C W Howden.

134 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Bronchopneumonia with serious sequelae in children with evidence of adenovirus type 21 infection.

Twenty-five cases of severe pneumonitis occurring among children aged 3 to 18 months were observed in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1965. An apparent relationship was established between a uniform disease picture and recovery of adenovirus type 21. Two died, and of the survivors 60% had permanent lung damage, probably resulting from obliterative bronchiolitis. Twenty per cent. were left with proved bronchiectasis. The possible relationships of adenovirus pneumonia to malnutrition or a genetic factor on the one hand and to the development of bronchiectasis on the other are discussed.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The tolerability and safety profile of famotidine.

Famotidine is a specific, long-acting histamine2-receptor antagonist. It is indicated for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Since its introduction for the treatment of acid-related disorders in 1985, an estimated 18.8 million patients worldwide have been treated with famotidine. We present a comprehensive safety profile of oral famotidine, incorporating data from investigational trials, postmarketing studies, and reports of marketed use. The excellent tolerability profile of famotidine observed during investigational trials has remained substantially unchanged during postmarketing experience. Famotidine does not notably bind to cytochrome P-450 or gastric alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore has not been associated with clinically significant drug interactions. It is generally well tolerated in patients with cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic dysfunction or with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who have tolerated doses up to 800 mg daily.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacodynamic studies with a specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist (BHT-933) in man.

We conducted pharmacodynamic studies in man with a specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist BHT-933. The study involved nine male normotensive volunteers each of whom received BHT-933 5 mg or placebo in random order. BHT-933 significantly lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in supine and standing positions, the greatest effect occurring 3-4 h following drug administration. Supine values: placebo 116/73; BHT-933 99/64. Standing values: placebo 114/79; BHT-933 92/67. Heart rate was uninfluenced by BHT-933 even at the time of maximum fall in BP. Plasma noradrenaline concentration in the supine position was significantly reduced: placebo 2.5 +/- 0.8 nmol/L; BHT-933 1.7 +/- 0.6. The haemodynamic changes accompanying Valsalva's manoeuvre and cold pressor test were uninfluenced by BHT-933. All subjects experienced sedation and dry mouth following BHT-933 with a time course similar to that of the fall in BP. These results are consistent with an effect of BHT-933 on BP control through an action on alpha 2-receptors at the level of the brainstem.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacodynamic studies in normal volunteers with MDL-899, a new arteriolar vasodilator.

We conducted pharmacodynamic studies with a new vasodilator, MDL-899. Following initial dose-ranging studies we studied eight male normotensive volunteers, each of whom received, orally, 10 mg MDL-899 or placebo in double-blind random order. MDL-899 significantly lowered standing blood pressure, the maximal effect occurring 3-6 h following drug administration. There was a significant increase in heart rate in both supine and standing positions, maximal 6-8 h postdose. Supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations were greater following MDL-899, with the greatest difference present 4 h after drug administration. Plasma renin concentrations were greater following MDL-899. Six of our subjects were also given 10 mg MDL-899 together with 100 mg atenolol, in an additional study. Atenolol increased the hypotensive effect and attenuated the tachycardia following MDL-899 alone. Side effects following MDL-899 administration included headache, lightheadedness, and tachycardia. These were reduced following atenolol coadministration. The haemodynamic profile of MDL-899 suggests that this drug acts as a direct arteriolar vasodilator in man. The observed increase in heart rate is likely mediated by reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Rendu-Weber (ORW) disease is an autosomal-dominant disorder that frequently presents with gastrointestinal bleeding which may be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Hepatic involvement in this disease is increasingly recognized and poses another therapeutic challenge. With advances in genetic screening and diagnostic procedures, and the increasing awareness of the condition by physicians and patients, this disease is being diagnosed more often. This article reviews the available literature on gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of HHT, and the various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for its management.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent peptic ulceration.

Recurrent peptic ulcer disease has traditionally posed problems for practicing physicians. While many treatment options have been promoted in the past, recent understanding of the role of Helicobacter pylori has completely altered our approach to this clinical problem. Since most ulcers are related to H. pylori infection or to ingestion of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, improved understanding of these factors and the development of rational treatment approaches should limit recurrent peptic ulceration in the future. This should help improve our patients' quality of life and should have a positive economic impact on the long-term treatment of peptic ulcer by reducing the requirement for continuous medical treatment. The issue of recurrent peptic ulceration and some approaches to management are discussed in this article.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗