Biomedical subjects

C W Newman

Publications and source records attributed to C W Newman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Practical method for quantifying hearing aid benefit in older adults.

Self-assessment handicap scales are gaining recognition as objective measures of audiologic intervention, including benefit derived from hearing aid use. A short form of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S) comprised of 10 items (5 emotional and 5 social/situational) was administered to 91 new hearing aid users prior to and 3 weeks following hearing aid provision. A significant reduction in perceived emotional and social/situational effects of hearing impairment was observed following this brief interval of hearing aid use. The magnitude of hearing aid benefit was not affected by pure-tone sensitivity or word recognition ability. Further, a 95 percent confidence interval was established for the HHIE-S (9.3 points) in order to determine a true change in self-perceived handicap and pre- and post-hearing aid fitting for a given subject. Our findings support the use of the HHIE-S as an expedient approach for quantifying hearing aid benefit in a busy clinical practice.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Balance function test correlates of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Balance Function test data alone cannot capture the reaction that a patient has to balance system disease. The present investigation examined the relations among components of the balance function examination (electronystagmography, rotational testing, and platform posturography) and self-perceived dizziness handicap, as quantified by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). The DHI is a 25-item self-assessment scale designed to quantify the functional, emotional, and physical effects of dizziness and unsteadiness. The DHI was administered to 367 patients seen consecutively for balance function evaluations. The results indicated that the largest proportion of significant correlations existed between DHI and the sensory organization subtests of platform posturography. Further, greater perceived handicap was documented for patients with (1) spontaneous nystagmus and (2) decreased postural stability quantified by evaluating the inter-relations among vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems (posturography).

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1990

The development of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Conventional vestibulometric techniques are inadequate for quantifying the impact of dizziness on everyday life. The 25-item Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was developed to evaluate the self-perceived handicapping effects imposed by vestibular system disease. The development of the preliminary (37 items) and final versions (25 items) of the DHI are described. The items were subgrouped into three content domains representing functional, emotional, and physical aspects of dizziness and unsteadiness. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed to measure reliability based on consistency of the preliminary version. The final version of the DHI was administered to 106 consecutive patients and demonstrated good internal consistency reliability. With the exception of the physical subscale, the mean values for DHI scale scores increased significantly with increases in the frequency of dizziness episodes. Test-retest reliability was high.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1990

The decomposition of the middle latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) Pa component into superficial and deep source contributions.

The results of recent investigations have suggested that the Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (MLAEP) Pa component derives its physiological origins from both cortical and subcortical sources. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if support for this hypothesis could be obtained from the off-line manipulation of the topographically recorded Pa component. The multichannel MLAEP from 15 normal hearing, neurologically intact subjects was collected following monaural left and right ear click stimulation. Data was originally collected using the linked ear reference and was subsequently re-referenced using the common average reference (CAR). These mapped data were converted off-line to source current density using the source derivation (SD) technique described by Hjorth (1975, 1980). This technique is sensitive to current activity that is generated in the superficial cerebral cortex. These SD maps of the MLAEP were subsequently subtracted from the CAR maps of the MLAEP. The derived CAR-SD maps are believed to represent that activity that is generated deep to the cerebral cortex (Hjorth and Rodin 1988). Interpretation of the mapped data have demonstrated support for the hypothesis that Pa is generated by a minimum of two systems including: 1) bilateral sources located in the posterior temporal lobes, and 2) a deeper midline generator system.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1990

The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults: psychometric adequacy and audiometric correlates.

The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) was modified for use with younger hearing-impaired adults (less than 65 years of age). Similar to the HHIE, the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA), is a 25-item self-assessment scale composed of two subscales (emotional and social/situational). Replacement questions from the HHIE which form the HHIA focus on the occupational effects of hearing loss. For 67 hearing-impaired adults, the HHIA demonstrated high internal consistency reliability and a low standard error of measurement. Audiometric correlates of the HHIA revealed weak, yet statistically significant relationships with pure-tone sensitivity and supra-threshold word recognition ability. These findings support the use of self-report handicap measures with adults in that audiometric measures alone are insufficient in describing a patient's reaction to their hearing loss.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Sensitivity and specificity of the head-shaking test for detecting vestibular system abnormalities.

The head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) test has been reported to be a sensitive screening test for the presence of peripheral and central vestibular system disease. Previous investigations have utilized few subjects who were drawn from well-defined patient populations. The purpose of the present investigation was twofold: first, to determine the prevalence of HSN in a large unselected population of dizzy patients seen in an otology and neurotology practice, and second, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this evaluation in the detection of vestibular system abnormalities as reflected by results of electronystagmography and rotary chair testing. The results of the investigation have suggested that the HSN test has a 27% sensitivity and an 85% specificity. The HSN test yields an acceptable number of false positives (15%) and an unacceptably large number of false negatives (73%).

Dizziness↗

PubMed1990

Infant hearing screening 1984 to 1989: the Henry Ford Hospital experience.

From 1984 to 1989 the Infant Hearing Screening (IHS) program at Henry Ford Hospital identified 1,300 infants as being "at risk" for hearing loss. The prevalence of significant sensorineural hearing loss in this sample was 1.4%. Additionally, 80 infants who passed the IHS program and reached 3 years of age were found to have normal hearing sensitivity by conventional audiometric techniques (ie, no false-negative predictions). There were three false-positive predictions. It was discovered that infants of low birthweight (ie, less than 1,500 g) were three times more likely to fail IHS than those whose weight exceeded 1,500 g. A higher return rate was found for infants failing an initial hearing screening conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit in comparison to those screened as outpatients one week postdischarge. The sensitivity and specificity of behavioral observation audiometry were 43% and 92%, respectively, when brainstem auditory-evoked potentials was used as the criterion validity measure.

Audiology↗

PubMed1990

Case study examples using self-assessment.

The following case studies demonstrate the application of self-assessment techniques. The selection of procedures reported here is not meant to imply necessarily that these procedures are more or less effective or more widely used than other available self-assessment tests, but rather to illustrate the various purposes for which self-assessment tools may be employed. Case 1 illustrates the contribution of data obtained from the Hearing Performance Inventory (Giolas, Owens, Lamb, & Shubert, 1979) in the management and counseling of a severely hearing impaired adult. Case 2 involves the use of the Hearing Problem Inventory developed by Hutton in Atlanta (HPI-A, Hutton, 1987). Application of the Self-Assessment of Communication (SAC) and Significant Other Assessment of Communication (SOAC) (Schow and Nerbonne, 1982) is shown in Case 3, whereas Case 4 demonstrates the usefulness of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE, Ventry and Weinstein, 1982). Both the SAC/SOAC and HHIE batteries involve problem cases associated with hearing aid fitting and assessment of benefit. The final illustration (Case 5) is a report on the Children's Auditory Processing Performance Scale (CHAPPS), a new questionnaire developed by Smoski, Brunt, and Tannahill/ISHA (1987) for assessing parent's judgment of children's listening abilities (Appendix). The versatility of self-assessment applications across a broad assortment of impairment levels, age groups, and clinical settings is demonstrated in these cases. Hopefully the reader will see more clearly the application and value of these and other non-audiometric techniques and will be motivated to increase the use of self-assessment tools in the individual work setting.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effects of baking hulless barley on the digestibility of dietary components as measured at the ileum and in the feces in pigs.

The effects of different baking conditions on the apparent digestibility of dietary components were examined in pigs with an ileal cannula. The pigs were fed a hulless barley-based diet that was 1) uncooked, 2) baked for 4 h using high moisture, low temperature (37% dry matter, 121 degrees C) conditions (HMLT), or 3) baked for 1 h using lower moisture, high temperature (48% dry matter, 204 degrees C) conditions (LMHT). Ileal digesta and fecal dry matter were not different between the three diets. Pigs fed the HMLT and LMHT diets had 4% and 2% higher starch digestibility at the ileum, respectively, than did pigs fed the uncooked diet (P less than 0.05). Total Klason lignin recovered at the terminal ileum was similar for all diets even though initial Klason lignin values for the LMHT diet were twice that of the uncooked or HMLT diet. Digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) as measured at the ileum and in the feces of pigs fed the baked diets was about 10% higher than in pigs fed the uncooked diet (P less than 0.1). The ratio of NSP ileal digestion:NSP digestion as measured in the feces was over 0.75 for all diets. Baking increased digestibility in the barley-based diet by increasing the digestibility of starch and dietary fiber. Increasing the severity of baking (LMHT) tended to decrease digestibility compared to the mild baking (HMLT), but not significantly.

Absorption↗

PubMed1989

Test-retest reliability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly using two administration approaches.

Previous investigation with the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly demonstrated high test-retest reliability for face to face/face to face and paper-pencil/paper-pencil administration techniques. From a practical standpoint, a face to face administration followed by a paper-pencil readministration may be a preferable method. The present study evaluated the latter administration approach in a sample of hearing-impaired elderly men. The high test-retest reliability correlations which emerged suggest that the face to face/paper-pencil measurement technique can be adopted for quantifying changes in self-perceived hearing handicap following audiologic intervention especially when clients are unable to return for hearing aid follow-up.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Age-related amplitude variations of the posterior tibial nerve spinal SEP P21 component.

The effects of aging on the amplitude of the surface-recorded tibial nerve spinal somatosensory-evoked potential P21 component (L5-T12 electrode derivation) were studied in 79 subjects. The results of this investigation indicate that a significant moderately negative correlation (r = -0.46) exists between subject age and the amplitude of component P21. These findings suggest that the absence of a P21 potential in an elderly patient does not necessarily represent evidence of neural pathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Reduction of carcass fat in swine with dietary addition of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate.

Swine weighing 80 to 85 kg were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet plus a mixture of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate (3:1) (triose) or Polycose (control), a glucose polymer, as 3.85% of calories (4% of the diet). Twenty-four pigs were pair-fed the triose mixture or control diet for 28 d in litter-mate pairs of the same sex. Weight gain and feed consumption were recorded and carcasses were evaluated for fat and muscle accretion. The right rear leg and rear one-third of the right loin were skinned, deboned, ground and analyzed for protein, fat, moisture and ash content. Average backfat depth and backfat depth at the first, last and 10th rib were reduced by 12, 15, 14 and 12% (P less than .01), respectively, in triose-fed pigs. Loin eye area and untrimmed lean cuts were not altered by diet, but percentage trimmed lean cuts was higher (P less than .02) in triose-fed pigs (57.6 vs 55.3%). Leg and loin tissue samples from pigs fed the triose mixture had a lower (P less than .01) percentage of fat and a corresponding increased (P less than .01) percentage of protein. Organ weights and the blood biochemical profile were not altered by triose feeding. Liver function tests were not altered in animals consuming the trioses, except for an 18% decrease (P less than .05) in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Ingestion of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate will reduce body fat in limit-fed swine without reducing muscle protein deposition.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1989

Effect of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the ileal and fecal digestibility of a barley-based diet in the pig.

The influences of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the digestibility of dietary components in a barley-based diet were investigated in pigs fitted with cannulas in the terminal ileum. The diet contained 49.0% starch, 18.9% crude protein and 14.8% dietary fiber, with arabinoxylans (4.9%), mixed-linked beta-glucans (3.4%) and cellulose (3.3%) as the main fiber components. Pelleting increased mixed-linked beta-glucan solubility from 45 to 62%. Neither treatment influenced the ileal or fecal apparent digestibilities of dry matter (64 and 80%, respectively), energy (62 and 79%), crude protein (53 and 75%), crude fat (26 and 27%) or dietary fiber (58 and 72%). However, pelleting increased (P less than .01) the pre-ileal apparent digestibility of starch from 91.5 to 95.3% and decreased (P less than .03) that of ash from -10 to -23%, while increasing (P less than .005) the fecal apparent digestibility of starch from 98.6 to 99.7%. The solubility of mixed-linked beta-glucans in ileal digesta was lower (P less than .001) in pelleted (26%) than in unpelleted (58%) diets. beta-glucanase supplementation also increased (P less than .05) the ileal apparent digestibility of starch, from 92.6 to 94.3%, and of mixed-linked beta-glucans, from 95.7 to 97.1%. Significant between-pig differences in the apparent digestibility of dietary components were observed. In conclusion, treatments that disrupt the endosperm cell walls in barley can increase the proportion of the diet digested prior to the large intestine.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1988

The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly as a measure of hearing aid benefit.

Hearing impairment in older adults is associated with psychological and social difficulties. The goal of hearing aid fitting is to reduce the perceived handicap resulting from the hearing loss. Measures of self-perceived handicap are being increasingly incorporated into the clinicians armamentarium as an objective measure of the outcome of intervention. Eighteen elderly hearing-impaired males and their spouses responded to the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) prior to and following 1 year of hearing aid provision. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in the perceived emotional and social effects of hearing impairment following 1 year of hearing aid use. The reduction in perceived handicap, as measured using the HHIE, was greater for the hearing aid users than for their spouses. The findings attest to the construct validity of the HHIE as a measure of hearing aid benefit.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Nutritive value of a new hull-less barley cultivar in broiler chick diets.

The hull-less barley mutant Franubet, derived from Betzes (CI 6398), has an unusual starch type, with granules that appear fractured when viewed with an electron microscope. Hull-less Franubet barley from three crops and a hulled barley, Ershabet (CI 15722) were used in a series of 21-day broiler chick feeding studies using 21% protein diets supplemented with 44% protein soybean meal, DL-methionine, minerals, vitamins, and an antibiotic. Barley-containing diets were compared with corn diets in varying proportions as basal grains. Supplemental beta-glucanase added to Franubet diets resulted in improvement in chick growth over that of birds fed diets unsupplemented with beta-glucanase. In some cases, chicks fed Franubet barley with or without the supplemental enzyme had weight gains equal to those fed corn. Feed:gain ratios corresponded to weight gain results. In one trial, Ershabet barley, a hulled cultivar, was compared with Franubet barley, with and without beta-glucanase, and corn as basal grains. Results from feeding both barleys were equal to those of feeding corn when supplemented with enzyme, although performance of the hull-less cultivar tended to be superior with respect to chick body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Franubet barley appears to have high nutrient digestibility for poultry compared with other barleys.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1987

Efficacy of acoustic otoscope in detecting middle ear effusion in children.

The sensitivity and specificity of the acoustic otoscope in detecting middle ear effusion (MEE) was determined for 200 children. Based upon results from otoscopy, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, and myringotomy, 100 of the children (175 ears) had MEE. The remaining 100 (200 ears) had no MEE. Using acoustic otoscope reflectivity (AOR) units 4 through 9 to indicate pathologic ears, its sensitivity and specificity were found to be 93.14% and 83%, respectively. These findings led to the conclusion that the acoustic otoscope may provide a simple and cost-effective way of detecting MEE in children. Suggestions are provided for improving the effectiveness of this new device as a clinical tool.

Child↗

PubMed1987

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in newly detoxified alcoholics.

The effects of detoxication on auditory transmission were examined using Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) in a group of alcoholics undergoing treatment and compared to nonalcoholic controls. BAEP responses, obtained at 2 click stimulation rates (11.3/sec and 31.3/sec), were examined for morphology, absolute latencies, interpeak latencies and I/V amplitude differences. All mean latency values were found comparable for the two groups. For a number of waves in each ear, data for alcoholics were significantly more variable than that of controls. A significant number of alcoholics, however, had atypical waveforms (i.e., missing components) and some, unexpected I/V amplitude differences, with the amplitude of wave I larger than that of V in comparison to controls. The clinical interpretation of evoked potential findings for individual alcoholic patients is likely to be precarious due to the observed high variability of latency and amplitude values.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility studies.

1. The use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility determination was studied. Bags, measuring 25 x 40 mm and containing feed samples, were introduced into the pig gastrointestinal tract through a duodenal cannula, and recovered in the faeces between 23 and 69 h later. The disappearance of organic matter and crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) from the bags was compared with in vivo apparent digestibility, determined by conventional faecal-collection methods, and neutral-detergent-fibre content for eleven feeds. The residues left in the bags after passage through the intestine from whole-crop-pea (Pisum sativum) and barley-grain samples were analysed for starch, non-starch polysaccharide residues, Klason lignin, crude protein and ash. 2. Dry matter disappearance of barley or whole-crop peas was not influenced by increasing bag pore size from 10 to 36 microns or sample weight from 250 to 1000 mg. Pepsin (EC 3.4.2.1) pretreatment had no effect on the degradation in the bags of the feeds investigated. 3. Organic matter and crude protein disappearance from the bags exceeded in vivo apparent digestibility by up to 0.10 and 0.42 units respectively. In vivo apparent organic matter digestibility could be predicted (P less than 0.001) by the organic matter disappearance from the bags and the neutral-detergent-fibre content of the feed, while in vivo apparent crude protein digestibility was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) to all these indices but poorly to crude protein disappearance from the bags. 4. Klason lignin was the least degraded component measured in the whole-crop-pea and barley residues from the bags, while starch was completely digested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗